Final for parasitology

what are the fundamentals of parasitology

number of parasites, degree of injury, nourishment of host

what is CAPC and what do they do

companion animal parasite council

foster animal human health while preserving human animal bond through Dx Tx preventions and control of parasitic infections

what are the basic CAPC recommendations

1. bring pet for annual exam
2. place pet on flea/tick prevention
3. Tx pet with HW anthelmintics
4. provide cooked food, fresh water
5. retest for HW annually
6. Complete fecals 1-2 times a year

define anthelmintics

Kill roundworm, tapeworms, flukes and thorny headed worms

define acaricides

kill mites and ticks

define phoresis

member is carried around by another memeber

define mutualism

both members benefit on relationship

define commensalism

one member benefits the other is not harmed/ benefit

define parasitism

one member lives on other that may cause harm

EX- tick feeding on dog

what do ectoparasites, endoparasites cause

infestation

infection

what is parasitiasis and parasitosis

iasis- condition of state of (No CS)

osis- current disease, condition or state (shows CS)

define definitive and intermediate host

definitive- location of adult, sexual, mature stage of parasite

intermediate- location of immature, juvenile, asexual stage of parasite

what are the fecal scoring

S1- very hard/ dry

S2- firm but not hard

S3- log like

S4- very moist, distinct log shape

S5- very moist, in piles

S6- texture but not shape

S7- watery no texture

what is spaghetti/ rice

ascarids (roundworms)

Cestodes (tapeworms)

what test is the best for fecals

necropsy

PCR

ELISA

immunofluorescence

what are some blood techniques

stained, Buffy coat, direct

what is consisted of nematode anatomy

multicellular organisms, unsegmented, elongate rounded on both ends, circular in cross section, bilaterally symmetric

define oviparous

contain single cell stage withing eggshell

define ovoviviparous

contain first stage larva within eggshell

define larviparous

retain eggs in uterus and incubate them

define prepatent period

point of infection until diagnostic stage can be recovered

what is ancylostoma caninum, ancylostoma tubaeforme, ancylostoma braziliense

A. caninum= canine

A. tubaeforme= feline

nematode

CLM

Hook worms

cause melena

what is toxocara canins toxocara cati and toxocara leonina

T. canis- canine

T. cati- feline

nematode

VLM

round worms

what is baylisascaris procyonis

racoon roundworm

NLM

nematode

what is trichuris vulpis, trichuris campanula and trichuris serrata

T. vulpis- canine

T. campanula/ T. serrata- feline

nematode

Whipworm (shed every 3rd day)

what is eucoleus aerophilus and eucoleus boehmi

K9 felines

nematode

bronchi/ trachea/ nasal cavity/ frontal sinuses

Respiratory capillarid

aonchotheca putorii

confused with trichuris vulpis eggs

nematode

physaloptera spp.

k9 feline

nematode

lumen of stomach/ small intestine

k9 Feline stomach worm

spirocerca lupi

k9 Feline

esophageal worm

nematode

strongyloides stercoralis and strongyloides tumefaciens

k9 Feline

intestinal threadworms

nematode

Parthenogenesis- F produce viable ova without fertilization from male

aelurostrongylus abstrusus

feline

nematode

feline lungworm

oslerus osleri Oslerus hirthi Oslerus milksi

k9

nematode

canine lungworm

ollulanus tricuspis

feline

nematode

what are some characteristics of sarcomastigophora

contains flagellates and amoebae

what are some characteristics of ciliophora

contains ciliates

what are some characteristics of apicomplexa

contain coccidia

what is part of sarcodina (amoebae)

move via pseudopodia (false feet)

2 forms- trophozoite and resistant cyst

cystoisospora spp,

k9 felines

protozoa

ab pain, weight loss, anorexia

toxoplasma gondii

feline

protozoa

zoonosis- pregnant women

sarcocystitis spp.

protozoa

k9 feline

cryptosporidium spp.

protozoa

trichomonads

protozoa

large intestine k9 feline

what does the phylum platyhelminthes include

trematodes, cestodes

eucestoda (true tapeworm)

scolex= head

acetabula= 4 suckers

tegument= body wall (absorb nutrients)

Strobila= true tapeworms body

dipylidium caninum

k9

cestode

intermediate host- flea

taenia spp.

cestode

anal pruritus

taenia pisiformis

intermediate host- rabbits and hares

cestode

hexacanth embryos have embryophore

taenia hydatigena, cysticercus tenuicollis

adult

metacestode (larval stage)

k9

small intestine

cestode

canine taeniid/ bovine bladder worm

echinococcus granulosus, echinococcus multilocularis

E. granulosus- k9

E. multilocularis- feline

small intestine

cestode

intermediate host- food animals

unilocular hydatid tapeworm

REPORTABLE

mesocestoides spp.

k9 feline

small intestine

cestode

intermediate host- oribatid mite

2nd host- rats/ mice

diphyllobothrium latum

broad fish tapeworm

k9 feline human

intermediate host- aquatic crustacean

2nd host- fish

cestode

egg resembles fluke

spirometra mansonoides

zipper tapeworm

k9 feline

cestode

small intestine

intermediate host- aquatic crustacean

2nd host- fish/frog

operculated ovum

what are characteristics of trematoda

flattened, unsegmented and leaf like

alaria spp.

k9 feline

trematode

intermediate host- snail

2nd frog, snake

intestinal fluke of k9 cat

paagonimus kellicotti

k9 feline

trematode

intermediate host- operculated snail

2nd- crayfish

lung fluke

nanophyetus salmincola

k9

intermediate host- freshwater snail

2nd salmon

salmon poisoning fluke of k9

heterobilharzia americana

k9

trematode

intermediate host- freshwater snail

schistocome of k9

platynosomum fastosum

feline

trematode

intermediate host- land snail

2nd- lizard

lizard poisoning fluke of cat

macracanthorhync hus ingens

Taxonomy- acanthocephala

trematode

nematodirus spp. Marshallagia spp.

nematode

Cattle, goat, sheep

abomasum

trichostrongyles w large eggs

strongyloides papillosus

nematode

cattle

small intestine

bovine intestinal threadworm

Parthogenetic females

trichuris spp.

nematode (enoplida)

cecum/ colon

aonchotheca (capillaria) spp.

nematode (enoplida)

smaller then trichuirs

toxocara (neoascaris) vitulorum

nematode

cattle/ bison

skrjabinema spp.

pin worm

nematode (oxyurida)

cecum perianal skin and fall off

muellerius capillaris

sheep/goat

nematode

bronchiolies

protostrongylus spp.

nematode

sheep/goat

small bronchioles

dictyocaulus spp.

nematode

cattle/sheep/goat

bronchi

lungworms of ruminants

strongylus vulgaris strongylus edentatus strongylus equinus

horse

nematode

large intestine

strongyles of horse

parascaris equorum

nematode

small intestine

equine roundworm

strongyloides westeri

nematode

small intestine

intestinal threadworm

parthogenetic Female

oxyuris equi

nematode

equine

cecum/ colon/ rectum

pinworm in horse

habronema microstoma habronema muscae draschia megastoma

horse

nematode

intermediate host- muscidae fly

stomach worm of horse

dictyocaulus arnfieldi

bronchi and bronchioles

nematode

equine

equine lungworm

ascaris suum

small intestine

swine ascarid

hyostrongylus rubidus

stomach

nematode

red stomach worm

oseophagostomum dentatum

large intestine

nematode

nodular worm

trichuris suis

cecum/ colon

nematode

whipworm of pigs

strongyloides ransomi

small intestine

nematode

intestinal threadworm pigs

Parthenogenetic female produce larvated eggs

metastrongylus elongatus

bronchi and bronicholes

nematode

intermediate host- earth worm

swine lungworm

ascarops strongylina physocephalus sexalatus

stomach

intermediate host- beetle

stomach worm of pigs

eimeria spp.

ruminants

protozoa

cecum/ colon

coccidia

neurologic signs

cryptosporidium spp.

small intestine

protozoa

giardia duodenalis

protozoa

small intestine

eimeria leuckarti

equine

protozoa

small intestine

giardia assemblage E

small intestine

protozoa

ruminants

cystoisospora suis

small intestine

protozoa

swine

balantidium coli

swine

large intestine

protozoa

what is the reason for ELISA test

test for some blood borne parasites

hepatozoon spp

protozoa

passed by amblyomma maculatum

H. canis vector is rhipucephalus sanguineus

chronic waisting

babesia canis B. gibsoni

protozoa

definitive host- ticks

erythrocytes

cytauxzoon felis

protozoa

feline bobcats

amblyomma americanum or dermacentor variabilis

giemsa stained blood smear

HIGHLY PATHOGENIC in feline

leishmania spp

protozoa

blood feeding sand flies (Lutzomyia, phlebotomus)

stained smears from aspirate biopsies

FATAL IN HUMANS

trypanosoma cruzi

chagas disease

protozoa

kissing bugs

dirofilaria immitus

nematode

k9 HW

found in pulmonary arteries/ R ventricles of k9

intermediate host- mosquito

ELISA, buffy coat, knots test,

caval syndrome= >100 worms

Straight body, tapered anterior, straight posterior

movement in place

acanthocheilonema reconditum

nematode

SC tissues

from fleas (ctenocephalides) lice (Linognathus)

curved body, blunt anterior, curved/ hooked posterior

progressive movement

babesia spp.

red water

protozoa

babesia caballi theileria equi

protozoa

ticks

causes incoordination and possible paralysis

theileria spp.

protozoa

east coast fever

bovine erythrocytes/ lymph nodes

lymph nodes biopsy

trypanosoma spp.

protozoa

sleeping sickness

bloodstream of ruminants

vector- tsetse fly (glossina)

ELISA