thermodynamics

How many laws of thermodynamics are there

3

Explain thermodynamics

Thermo - heat

Dynamics - movement

Studying the movement of heat

What is the 1st law of thermodynamics?

The total amount of energy within a system and its surroundings is constant OR energy can neither be created nor destroyed only interconverted between forms

What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics

The total entropy of a system and its surroundings always increases

What is the 3rd law of thermodynamics

The entropy of a system and its surroundings approaches a constant value when its temperature reaches zero

What is Enthalpy

The total heat content of a system

What is Entropy?

Th level of disorder within a system e.g. how energy is distributed in a system

It always happens spontaneously e.g. the big bang (from a contact point it disperse) e.g. in a reaction between two liquids forming a solid, it can release a gas idk

What is a system

Whatever part of the universe we’re interested in

Define open and closed systems

Open - matter can be transferred

Closed system- matter cannot be transferred

How do you work out Enthalpy

Enthalpy (J) = internal energy (J) + (pressure (Pa) x volume (m3))

Exothermic

Heat energy released in a reaction

Endothermic

Heat energy absorbed during a reaction

What is delta? How do we use it in thermodynamics?

Delta is a triangle shaped symbol that we use to re place “the change in…” “the difference in…”

What is gibbs free energy?

Gibbs free energy is the amount of energy within a system

Gibbs free energy helps us work out whether a reaction would occur spontaneously

How do we work out Gibbs free energy?

change in Gibbs free energy = change in Enthalpy - temperature x change in entropy

If Gibbs free energy is greater than 0 willa reaction happen spontaneously?

No

What is delta H

Change in Enthalpy

What is delta S

Change in entropy

What is delta G nought

Change in Gibbs free energy in standard conditions (25degrees, 1atm, 1M)

What is an activated carrier molecule? What is the point?

Small molecules that store and carry energy or electrons from energetically favourable reactions (exergonic) to couple with energetically unfavourable reactions (endergonic) e.g. ATP,

The point is so you don’t lose all the energy into the surroundings and use it for something useful that otherwise wouldn’t occur at the needed rate