Cardiovascular System: Heart Anatomy, Function, and Electrical Activity

Which of the following carries oxygenated blood?

Inferior Vena Cava

Pulmonary Trunk

Pulmonary Vein

Superior Vena Cava

Pulmonary Vein

Which statement is TRUE about the heart?

2 semilunar valves and 2 interventricular septums

2 tricuspid valves and 2 bicuspid valves

2 auricles and 2 aortas

2 atria and 2 ventricles

2 atria and 2 ventricles.

Auscultation is listening to the heart sounds. What is S1?

closing of semilunar valves

blood flowing into atria

closing of atrioventricular valves

blood being pushed into a stiff or hypertrophic ventricle

closing of atrioventricular valves

What is the first functional organ to develop?

Gonads

Brain

Heart

Pituitary Gland

Heart

Which happens first during one cardiac cycle?

Semilunar valves open

Atrioventricular valves close

Semilunar valves close

Atrioventricular valves close

The pulmonary trunk connects to which chamber?

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Right Ventricle

Right Ventricle

What happens in a ventricle during diastole?

muscles contract and blood leaves the ventricle

muscles contract and blood enters the ventricle

muscles relax and blood leaves the ventricle

muscles relax and blood enters the ventricle

muscles relax and blood enters the ventricle

Blood traveling through the lungs is in which circuit?

Systemic Circuit

Electric Circuit

Pulmonary Circuit

Cardiac Circuit

Pulmonary Circuit

The blood vessels attach to what part of the heart?

Apex

Base

Inferior Portion

None of the Above

Base

Which of the following is a semilunar valve?

Pulmonary Valve

Fossa Ovalis

Bicuspid Valve

Tricuspid Valve

Pulmonary Valve

What do we call the amount of blood that travels through the heart in one minute?

Stroke Volume

End-diastolic volume

End Systolic Volume

Cardiac Output

Cardiac Output

What happens in a ventricle during systole?

muscles relax and blood leaves the ventricle

muscles relax and blood enters the ventricle

muscles contract and blood enters the ventricle

muscles contract and blood leaves the ventricle

muscles contract and blood leaves the ventricle

What is the proper electrical pathway through the heart from start to finish

Purkinji Fibers, AV Node, SA Node, Bundle of His, Right and Left Bundle Branches

AV Node, SA Node, Bundle of His, Right and Left Bundle Branches, Purkinji Fibers

Bundle of His, AV Node, SA Node, Right and Left Bundle Branches, Purkinji Fibers,

SA Node, AV Node, Bundle of His, Right and Left Bundle Branches, Purkinji Fibers

SA Node, AV Node, Bundle of His, Right and Left Bundle Branches, Purkinji Fibers

What separates the ventricles from the atria?

Atrioventricular Septum

Interatrial Septum

Interventricular Septum

Serous Pericardium

Atrioventricular Septum

The pulmonary veins connects to which chamber?

Left Ventricle

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

The heart is surrounded by which membrane?

Peritoneum

Pericardium

Participle

Pleura

Pericardium

What do we call the blood in the ventricle after ventricular systole?

Cardiac Output

Stroke Volume

End Systolic Volume

End Diastolic Volume

End Systolic Volume

Which is the deepest layer of the heart?

Epicardium

Endocardium

Fibrous Pericardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

What lets ions pass from cardiac muscle cell to another cardiac muscle cell?

Ligand Gated Channels

Desmosomes

Gap Junctions

Voltage Gated Channels

Gap Junctions

How will an increase of thyroid hormone, calcium, nicotine, stress, or anxiety affect the heart?

Decrease heart rate

Increase chamber filling time

Increase heart rate

Those four factors will not affect the heart

Increase heart rate

Which of the following stops blood from going into the left atrium?

Aortic Valve

Mitral Valve

Tricuspid Valve

Pulmonary Valve

Mitral Valve

Where can we find the moderator band?

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle

Left Atrium

Right Ventricle

What causes the T wave?

Ventricular Repolarization

Atrial Repolarization

Ventricular Depolarization

Atrial Depolarization

Ventricular Repolarization

The longer absolute refractory period that is seen in cardiac cell action potential happens because of what element entering the cell?

Calcium

Sodium

Chloride

Potassium

Calcium

Blood traveling through the body is in which circuit?

Electric Circuit

Systemic Circuit

Cardiac Circuit

Pulmonary Circuit

Systemic Circuit

Auscultation is listening to the heart sounds. What is S2?

closing of atrioventricular valves

closing of semilunar valves

blood being pushed into a stiff or hypertrophic ventricle

blood flowing into atria

closing of semilunar valves

Which is the proper pathway of blood through the heart?

Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle

Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle

Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Right Atrium, Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Right Atrium

Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle

The inferior vena cava connects to which chamber?

Right Ventricle

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Right Atrium

What causes the QRS complex?

Atrial Depolarization

Ventricular Depolarization

Atrial Repolarization

Ventricular Repolarization

Ventricular Depolarization

The aorta connects to which chamber?

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle

Left Ventricle

Which part of the brain controls heart rate?

Thalamus

Hippocampus

Cerebellum

Medulla Oblongata

Medulla Oblongata

Which is the muscular layer of the heart?

Fibrous Pericardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

Epicardium

Myocardium

The foramen ovale becomes what after birth?

Tricuspid Valve

Fossa Ovalis

Pulmonary Valve

Bicuspid Valve

Fossa Ovalis

What connects papillary muscles to atrioventricular valves?

Trabeculae Carneae

Chordae Tendineae

Moderator Band

Sulci

Chordae Tendineae

Which conducting cells in the heart hits threshold at the fastest rate?

Bundle of His

Purkinji Fibers

AV Node

SA Node

SA Node

Which conducting cells in the heart are found in the interventricular septum?

AV Node

Bundle of His

Purkinji Fibers

SA Node

Bundle of His

What causes the P wave?

Ventricular Repolarization

Atrial Depolarization

Ventricular Depolarization

Atrial Repolarization

Atrial Depolarization

Which is the most superficial layer of the pericardium?

Fibrous Pericardium

Endocardium

Myocardium

Epicardium

Fibrous Pericardium

Where will you find oxygenated blood?

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle

Pulmonary Trunk

Right Atrium

Left Ventricle

What happens between the P wave and the QRS complex?

atrial diastole and ventricular diastole

atrial diastole and ventricular systole

atrial systole and ventricular systole

atrial systole and ventricular diastole

atrial systole and ventricular diastole

Auscultation is listening to the heart sounds. What is S2?

atrial systole and ventricular diastole

atrial diastole and ventricular systole

atrial systole and ventricular systole

atrial diastole and ventricular diastole

atrial diastole and ventricular systole

Which conducting cells in the heart slow down the electrical signal?

AV Node

SA Node

Bundle of His

Purkinji Fibers

AV Node

What do we call the blood that leaves the ventricle after ventricular systole?

Cardiac Output

Stroke Volume

End Systolic Volume

End Diastolic Volume

Stroke Volume

Which layer produces the fluid to fill the pericardial cavity?

Endocardium

Myocardium

Fibrous Pericardium

Epicardium

Epicardium

Where is the heart located?

Mediastinum

Peritoneum

Abdominal Cavity

Pleura

Mediastinum

What do we call the blood in the ventricle before ventricular systole?

Stroke Volume

End Systolic Volume

Cardiac Output

End Diastolic Volume

End Diastolic Volume

Where will you find deoxygenated blood?

Left Ventricle

Left Atrium

Right Ventricle

Aorta

Right Ventricle

Which of the following closes due to papillary muscles?

Aortic Valve

Fossa Ovalis

Pulmonary Valve

Tricuspid Valve

Tricuspid Valve

What separates the ventricles?

Atrioventricular Septum

Interventricular Septum

Interatrial Septum

Serous Pericardium

Interventricular Septum

Which of the following will cause a decrease in preload if it doesn't stabalize?

Increase blood pressure

Increase heart rate

Increase contractility

Increase stroke volume

Increase heart rate

What do we call the amount of blood that travels through the heart in one minute?

End Systolic Volume

End Diastolic Volume

Cardiac Output

Stroke Volume

Cardiac Output

What happens between the QRS complex and the T wave?

atrial systole and ventricular systole

atrial diastole and ventricular diastole

atrial diastole and ventricular systole

atrial systole and ventricular diastole

atrial diastole and ventricular systole

What happens in a ventricle during diastole?

muscles contract and blood enters the ventricle

muscles relax and blood enters the ventricle

muscles contract and blood leaves the ventricle

muscles relax and blood leaves the ventricle

muscles relax and blood enters the ventricle

The aorta connects to which chamber?

Right Ventricle

Right Atrium

Left Ventricle

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

What separates the ventricles from the atria?

Interventricular Septum

Interatrial Septum

Atrioventricular Septum

Serous Pericardium

Atrioventricular Septum

The pulmonary trunk connects to which chamber?

Right Ventricle

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Right Ventricle

The pulmonary veins connects to which chamber?

Left Ventricle

Right Ventricle

Left Atrium

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Which of the following closes due to papillary muscles?

Fossa Ovalis

Aortic Valve

Tricuspid Valve

Pulmonary Valve

Tricuspid Valve

What do we call the blood in the ventricle after ventricular systole?

End Diastolic Volume

End Systolic Volume

Cardiac Output

Stroke Volume

End Systolic Volume

Solutes are filtered out of which section of the capillary?

Beginning

Middle

End

None of the Above

Beginning

If mean arterial pressure is too low then ischemia is a concern. What is ischemia?

Dehydration

Lack of carbon dioxide

Lack of blood flow

Lack of oxygen

Lack of blood flow

Which blood vessel will blood move through first after leaving the left ventricle?

Muscular Artery

Capillary

Arteriole

Elastic Artery

Elastic Artery

The blood travels inside the ________ of the blood vessel.

Cumen

Humen

Lumen

Numen

Lumen

Which organ has consistent blood flow whether relaxing or exercising?

Heart

Brain

Gastrointestinal

Integument

Brain

Which type of shock is the inability of the heart to maintain cardiac output?

Hypovolemic Shock

Vascular Shock

Cardiogenic Shock

Neurogenic Shock

Cardiogenic Shock

Which blood vessel layer is epithelial tissue?

Tunica Endocardium

Tunica Externa

Tunica Media

Tunica Intima

Tunica Intima

What part of the brain regulates blood pressure?

Medulla

Thalamus

Hippocampus

Hypothalamus

Medulla

What will vasodilation cause to happen?

increase blood flow and increase blood pressure

increase blood flow and decrease blood pressure

decrease blood flow and decrease blood pressure

decrease blood flow and increase blood pressure

increase blood flow and decrease blood pressure

If mean arterial pressure is too low then hypoxia is a concern. What is hypoxia?

Dehydration

Lack of blood flow

Lack of carbon dioxide

Lack of oxygen

Lack of oxygen

In a continuous capillary, immune cells can leave through what in order to leave the blood vessel?

Fenestrations

Intracellular Clefts

Sinusoids

None of the Above

Intracellular Clefts

Which capillary has large enough pores to allow plasma proteins to pass through?

Continuous

Fenestrated

Sinusoid

None of the Above

Sinusoid

What is the clinical term for high blood pressure?

Hemmorhage

Shock

Hypoglycemic

Hypertension

Hypertension

Fluid is reabsorbed into which section of the capillary?

Beginning

Middle

End

None of the Above

End

Which capillary is the most common in the human body?

Continuous

Fenestrated

Sinusoid

None of the Above

Continuous

What does the diastolic number tell us about someone's blood pressure?

pressure during ventricular contraction

pressure during ventricular relaxation

pressure during atrial contraction

pressure during atrial relaxation

pressure during ventricular relaxation

A blood vessel that can stretch well is said to be _____________.

Compliant

agonistic

Resistant

antagonistic

Compliant

Which statement is TRUE during exercise?

Increases cardiac output

Increases blood pressure

Increases perfusion

All of the above are true

All of the above are true

Which blood vessel layer is connective tissue?

Tunica Pericardium

Tunica Media

Tunica Intima

Tunica Externa

Tunica Externa

What delivers the nutrients to the cells of the large vessels?

Nervi Vasorum

External Elastic Membrane

Internal Elastic Membrane

Vasa Vasorum

Vasa Vasorum

Which structure has the lowest blood pressure?

Capillary

Artery

Arteriole

Vein

Vein

Which type of shock is a severe allergic reaction?

Anaphylactic Shock

Neurogenic Shock

Vascular Shock

Cardiogenic Shock

Anaphylactic Shock

What will vasoconstriction cause to happen?

decrease blood flow and decrease blood pressure

increase blood flow and decrease blood pressure

increase blood flow and increase blood pressure

decrease blood flow and increase blood pressure

decrease blood flow and increase blood pressure

Which structure has valves to stop blood from flowing backwards?

Capillary

Arteriole

Vein

Artery

vein

Where do we find the majority of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel?

Tunica Myocardium

Tunica Intima

Tunica Externa

Tunica Media

Tunica Media

Which hormone will lower blood pressure?

Norepinephrine

Atrial Naturetic Hormone

Anti Diuretic Hormone

Aldosterone

Atrial Naturetic Hormone

What is the driving force to get blood through the veins in the legs?

Valves

Skeletal Muscle Pump

Gravity

Respiratory Pump

Skeletal Muscle Pump

Which structure has the smallest diameter?

Arteriole

Capillary

Vein

Artery

Capillary

What adjustment changes blood pressure the most often each day and also has the largest affect on blood pressure?

Viscosity

Vessel Radius/Diameter

Vessel Length

Blood Volume

Vessel Radius/Diameter

What will we find in the umbilical vein?

Oxygenated Blood

Deoxygenated Blood

Water

There is no liquid in the umbilical vein

Oxygenated Blood

What stops blood from flowing into a capillary bed?

Valve

Mechanically Gated Channel

Sphincter

Ligand Gated Channel

Sphincter

What does the systolic number tell us about someone's blood pressure?

pressure during atrial contraction

pressure during ventricular contraction

pressure during atrial relaxation

pressure during ventricular relaxation

pressure during ventricular contraction

What is the clinical term for high blood pressure?

Hypertension

Shock

Hemmorhage

Hypoglycemic

Hypertension

Which blood vessel layer is connective tissue?

Tunica Media

Tunica Externa

Tunica Intima

Tunica Pericardium

Tunica Externa

What part of the brain regulates blood pressure?

Medulla

Hippocampus

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Medulla