module 7 serotonin

if medication increases seretonin signaling in the brain, what psychological or behavioral effect would you predict.what potential side effects might also occur

increased seretonin may cause boost in mood, increase in digestionand improvement in sleep quality. However, potential side effects could include anxiety, gastrointestinal issues, or serotonin syndrome if levels become excessively high.

monoamines

are neurotransmitters that include serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, which play key roles in mood regulation and emotional behavior.

tryptamines

seretonin and melatonin

seretonin is very alike to

melatonin

supplements are approved by the FDA? true ir false

false

seretonin making

need L-tryptophan (essential amino acid)

synthesis of seretonin is similar to

the process of melatonin production.

5-HT neuron is

a seretonin neuron

You receive L-tryptophan from

diet

dietary manipulations upregulate seretonin

giving subjects can recieve doses of Trp or 5-HTP (moderate increase)

how to measure if seretonin level has changes

spinal tap or blood analysis.

how to get L-tryptophan into the brain

transporters

there is alot of competition for

the transporters to access L-tryptophan, primarily with other amino acids.

supplement pill L-trp works best with high or low protein diet and cqarb level?

A low protein diet and higher carbohydrate levels increase L-tryptophan availability for serotonin production. The reason is that carbohydrates can facilitate the absorption of L-tryptophan by promoting insulin release, which helps lower the levels of competing amino acids in the blood.

high carb meal makes insulin spike which promotes

Muscle

seretonin synthesis can be diminished through

diet

Chemical depletion of seretonin

what if you manipulate release of seretonin

VMAT blocker depletes the seretonin, fenfluramine (weight loss drug), MDMA is a potent seretonin releaser

mdma or known as

ecstasy

mdma is a

synthetic drug, high doeses may produce serotonin neurotoxicity

ectasy overdose

develops hypothermia

vasoconstriction is caused by

increased noriepinepherine

lack of thermalregulation can be caused by

excess seretonin

ecstasy therapy

is a treatment involving the use of the drug ecstasy (MDMA) to help alleviate conditions like PTSD by enhancing emotional connection and empathy. Changes brain plasticity

reuptake of seretonin

reversing transporters

Block seretonin transporter

prevents reuptake and increases serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft, enhancing mood and emotional regulation.

remember we can measure metabolites of seretonin by

level.s of 5-HIAA

seretonin anatomy

has 20 different types of receptors, axons that release seretonins go many different places in the brain

raphe nuclei

cell bodies that supply seretonin as neurotransmitter

how to estimate/ measure rate of seretonin

graph electrodes and look at firing pattern of these neurons

where are the neurons that produce seretonin in the brain, how do i do that?

staun hydroxytryptamine, have to have it because they produce it

depression is often linked to low serotonin levels in popular media. does increasing serotonin rapidly alleviate symptoms of depression?

doesnt rapidly alleviate depresssion

seretonin receptors

5ht1a

5HT1A

is a subtype of serotonin receptor that plays a role in mood regulation and anxiety. It is primarily found in the brain and is associated with the effects of antidepressants.

5HT2A

mostly in the cortex, increases ca2+, main target of psychadelics and is implicated in mood disorders and cognitive functions.

5-ht6

also found in the cortex, memory

5-ht2a

agonists- DOI, halucinogenic. antagonist- risperidone, clozapine used in schizophrenia treatment.

5-ht2a antagonists

are substances that block the action of the 5-HT2A receptor, often used in the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders. These medications help alleviate symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions by preventing serotonin from binding to the receptor.

clozapine

project

topic not covered, run it by him

mood and depression

is a condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest, often associated with changes in brain chemistry, including serotonin levels.

dietary depletion in Trp is

not enough to trigger depression in healthy patients,can trigger depression in vulnerable individuals.

low seretonin

more agression, negative mood

SSRI and tail suspension test

is a method used to assess the efficacy of SSRIs in reducing depressive-like behavior in animal models by measuring the duration of immobility.

immobility in tail

lowered mood (giving up hope of escaping)

some serotonin medications are

anxiolytics, agonist for 5-HT1A receptor. decreases anxiety,

what would happen if you remove 5-HT1A

increase anxiety

5HT2A regulates

anxiety

plus shaped test

is a behavioral test used to evaluate anxiety levels in animals. animals spend time in the closed arms. manipulate open arm time by increasing anxiety-inducing factors and they will spend more time in closed.

seretonin is linked to

agression

serotonin learning and memory experiment

fear conditioning using a cue to pair with a shock. context or cue becomes conditioned stimulus for the fear response. study the acquisition phase, consolidated memory. Need to consolidate the association for later recall.

5HT1A and fear learning

are serotonin receptors that play a crucial role in modulating anxiety and fear responses during the learning process. Their activation can impact the encoding and retrieval of fear-related memories.

5HT1A agonist interferes with

aquosition, (interferes with learning process) but not consolidation. memory retrieval during fear learning.

5HT6 antagonist

clinical trials for alzheimers and cognitive enhancement. This receptor subtype is involved in modulating neurotransmitter release and has potential implications for memory and learning.

5HT6 study

rat explore objects, wait, switch objects one old and one new, spends more time with the new object they need to remember its something new and not old. Took 5HT6 antagonist 15 mins = clear memory, 4 hours memory lost.Inject saline or RO compound, placebo=no memory for 4 hours. RO compund there is discrimination and show us some memory. examines the role of 5HT6 in memory and recognition.