IMMUNO EXAM 2 (Kahoot + TOPHAT)

Among the top 10 drugs by forecasted sales in 2026, how many are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)?

4

Fill in the blanks: A typical IgG antibody consists of ___ heavy chain(s) and ___

light chain(s).

two, two

Which of the following provides flexibility to IgG?

hinge region

Fill in the blanks: After cleavage by papain, an IgG molecule is turned into

______ Fab and ______ Fc fragments.

two, one

Which regions of a chimeric mAb are of human origin?

constant region

Which gene segments are required for the somatic recombination of the light

chain variable regions (V)?

V and J

Where do mature B cells typically encounter antigens?

In secondary lymphoid tissues

The secreted form of IgM is which of the following?

pentamer

Somatic recombination, also called V(D)J recombination, is mediated by which

enzyme?

RAG 1/2

Randomly introducing single nucleotide substitutions in the rearranged V

and V genes is called ____.

somatic hypermutation

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of which cells?

plasma cells

Which of the following is mediated by the enzyme TdT (terminal

deoxynucleotidyl transferase)?

generation of junctional diversity

Which regions of a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) are of murine

origin?

hypervariable region

What is the very first immunoglobulin an immature B cell expresses on its

surface?

IgM

B-cell lymphomas most commonly arise from which cell type?

Mature B cells

What is the typical shape of an IgG antibody?

Joshua tree

Which cell type secretes antibodies?

plasma cells

Which type of monoclonal antibody has the highest immunogenicity and is therefore most likely to be recognized as foreign by a patient’s immune system?

murine antibody

Which of the following numbers most closely reflects immunoglobulin (Ig) diversity—that is, the size of the Ig repertoire—in a healthy individual?

one billion

During B-cell development, V, D, and J gene segments are randomly selected and joined through DNA recombination to generate immunoglobulin diversity. What is this process called?

V(D)J recombination

Which of the following is a key component of the adaptive immune system?

T-cells and B-cells

Fill in the blanks: Antibodies are _______ produced by _______.

proteins; plasma cells

Which regions of an IgG antibody form its antigen-binding sites?

variable regions of the heavy and light chains

What is another term for V(D)J recombination, a key process that generates immunoglobulin (Ig) diversity before B cells encounter antigen?

somatic recombination

True or False: Class switching changes the antibody isotype but does not change the antigen specificity of the immunoglobulin.

True

Where do B cells initially develop in humans?

bone marrow

Which of the following is NOT a stage of B-cell development in the bone marrow?

plasma cells

In the bone marrow, a self-reactive immature B cell can undergo additional light-chain gene rearrangement to change its immunoglobulin specificity. What is this process called?

receptor editing

After leaving the bone marrow, where do immature B cells complete their maturation?

spleen

Fill in the blanks: Plasma cells are terminally differentiated ______, and a plasma-cell malignancy is called ______.

B-cells; multiple myeloma

What processes antigens for MHC Class I including viral antigens in the cytoplasm?

proteasome

Where are MHC Class I antigens loaded in the cell?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

What type of T cell binds to MHC Class II presenting an external pathogen antigen?

CD4+

Where does T cell development (including positive and negative selection) occur?

Thymus

What process makes sure that T cells that bind tightly to self antigens do not leave the thymus?

Negative Selection

Where are the neoantigen sequences determined from for this mRNA vaccine? 

Patient's tumor tissue

Which immune cell brings antigen to the lymph node to present to T cells?

Dendritic Cells

When a dendritic cell breaks down a pathogen, it allows for PRRs on the DC to bind PAMPS. What molecule on DCs is upregulated by PRR:PAMP binding?

B7

Dendritic cells provide how many signals to naïve T cells to be activated?

2: B7 and TLR

Which cytokine drives T cell proliferation and differentiation of activated naïve T cells?

IL-2

Which of the following T helper cell subsets are matched with the right cytokines

A -

TH1 - IFNgamma

TH2 - IL-4

TH17 - IL-17

Treg = TGFbeta

What part of the name of a drug lets you know it is an antibody ?

-mab

What does the PD-1/PD-L1 system do to T cell function?

Suppresses T-cell activation and effector function