STUDY CHAP 4. - MED TERM

Musculoskeletal system

Sym-/syn-

joined, together

Kinesi/o

movement

Myos/o, my/o

muscle

Radic/o

nerve root

Sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

Ten/o

tendon

Tendin/o

tendon

-Asthenia

weakness

-Centesis

puncture to remove fluid

-Desis

fixation

-Ectomy

removal

-Gram

the record

-Graphy

process of recording

-Physis

growth

-Rrhaphy

repairing

-Sarcoma

malignant tumor

-Schisis

split

-Scopy

process of viewing

-Tomy

incision, cut into

Paraplegia

paralysis that affects both legs and lower part of the body

Myeloma

tumor of bone marrow (starts in plasma cells)

muscle Hypertrophy

enlargement of muscles

Electromyography

recording of muscle electrical activity in response to a nerve's stimulation of the muscle

muscle Hyperkinesia

excessive movement of muscles of the body

Polymyositis

inflammatory disease of the muscles closest to the center of the body

Myalgia

muscle pain

Myasthenia gravis

chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness

Rhabdomyolysis (rhabd/o = skeletal muscle)

skeletal muscle breakdown

Bradykinesia

slow movement

Tendinitis

inflammation of the tendon

Hemostasis

stopping or controlling blood flow/bleeding

Fibromyalgia

pain involving muscles and fibrous/soft tissues

Dyskinesia

abnormal involuntary movements of the extremities (arms and legs), trunk, or jaw

Hemiplegia

paralysis on one side of the body

Electromyogram

record of the electrical activity of a muscle

Muscular dystrophy

group of inherited myopathies characterized by wasting and weakness of skeletal muscle

Quadriplegia

paralysis of all four limbs

Epiphysis

end of a long bone

Diaphysis

shaft or middle portion of a long bone

Metaphysis

region between the diaphysis and epiphysis where bone growth occurs

Skeleton

framework of bones that supports and protects the body

Axial skeleton

central part of the skeleton including the skull, spine, sternum, and ribs

Appendicular skeleton

bones of the arms, legs, wrists, hands, ankles, and feet

Skull

bones that form and protect the head and brain

Spine

column of vertebrae that supports the body and protects the spinal cord

Vertebrae

individual bones that make up the spine

Cervical vertebrae

C1-C7 vertebrae located in the neck

Thoracic vertebrae

T1-T12 vertebrae located in the upper and middle back

Lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5 vertebrae located in the lower back

Sacral vertebrae

S1-S5 vertebrae that form the sacrum

Sternum

breastbone located in the center of the chest

Ribs

curved bones that protect organs in the chest

C1-C7

cervical vertebrae

T1-T12

thoracic vertebrae

L1-L5

lumbar vertebrae

S1-S5

sacral vertebrae

Upper extremities

arms, wrists, and hands

Lower extremities

legs, ankles, and feet

Oste/o

bone

Crani/o

skull

Cervic/o

neck

Spondyl/o

spine or vertebrae

Lumb/o

lower back region

Brachi/o

arm

Dactyl/o

fingers or toes

Carp/o

wrist bones

Cost/o

rib

Femor/o

femur or thigh bone

Tibi/o

tibia or shinbone

Tars/o

bones of the ankle and foot

Chondr/o

cartilage

Ankyl/o

stiff, bent, or fused

Myel/o

spinal cord or bone marrow

Meta-

after, beyond, or next to

Joint

place where two bones meet

Arthr/o

joint

Flexion

movement that decreases the angle between two bones

Extension

movement that increases the angle between two bones

Adduction

movement toward the midline of the body

Abduction

movement away from the midline of the body

Ligament

strong connective tissue that connects bone to bone

Tendon

connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Cartilage

smooth connective tissue that supports and cushions joints

Bursa

small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction around a joint

Burs/o

bursa or small fluid-filled sac near a joint

Muscle

tissue that contracts to produce movement

Muscul/o

muscle

My/o

muscle

Fascia

connective tissue that surrounds and supports muscles

Fasci/o

fascia or connective tissue surrounding muscles

Kinet/o

movement

Ton/o

tone or tension

Tax/o

coordination or order

Skeletal muscle

voluntary, striated muscle attached to bones

Cardiac muscle

involuntary, striated muscle found in the heart

Smooth muscle

involuntary muscle found in the walls of organs and blood vessels

Genu valgum

condition in which the knees angle inward toward each other

Genu varum

condition in which the knees angle outward away from each other

Osteochondritis

inflammation of bone and cartilage