Opportunists and gram negative aerobes

What type of pathogens need to infect someone and cause disease to complete its life cycle

Obligate pathogens

What pathogens don usually cause disease but will when given the opportunity

Opportunistic pathogens

Opportunistic pathogens cause disease in 2 situations what are they?

• immunocompromised host

• unusual port of access

What are the types of opportunistic pathogens

• saprophytes

• symbionts

• commensals

What type of opportunistic pathogens live on dead or decaying organic matter

saprophytes

What bacteria is a gram negative saprophyte

Pseudomonas

Pseudomonas is an ________ pathogen that causes an ____________ infection when tissue defense is ___________

• opportunistic

• suppurative

• compromised

What are the virulence factors of Pseudomonas

• pili

• exotoxin A

• elastase

• Pyocyanin

• type 3 secretion systems

• endotoxin

• biofilm

What virulence factor in pseudomonas allows for destruction of the lung tissue

elastase

What virulence factor in pseudomonas allows for the creation of reactive oxygen species in the cell

pyocyanin

As a part of its virulence factors pseudomonas has very simple ______ requirements

nutritional

What patients are particularly vulnerable to pseudomonas

cystic fibrosis patients

what laboratory diagnostics will help identify pseudomonas

• gram negative rods

• oxidase positive

• pyocyanin and fluorescein pigments

Upon culture of unknown bacteria you notice it begins to glow green this leads you to believe it is what bacteria

pseudomonas

Pseudomonas has a reservoir in __________ and __________

• soil

• water

The best way to prevent pseudomonas in patients is to use _________ before surgery

prophylactic antibiotics

Equine glanders is cause by a __________ like bacteria called ____________

• pseduomonas

• B. mallei

B. mallei is an _________ pathogen that is an obligate __________

• zoonotic

• parasite

B. mallei causes cutaneous lesion called ___________ and suppurative _________ called nodules

• farcy

• granulomas

B.mallei was eradicated from the US by the ___________ method

test and slaughter

What pseudomonas like bacteria cause pseudoglanders also known as _____________

• B. pseduomallei

• melioidosis

B. pseudomallei is a ____________ like pseudomonas and is __________ like B. mallei

• saprophyte

• zoonotic

What is the criteria to utilize the test and slaughtering method

• obligatory pathogen

• limited species of animals are infected

• spontaneous recovery is rare and treatment is very expensive

• causes zoonosis

What diseases meet the criteria for testing and slaughtering

• bovine tuberculosis

• equine glanders

• bovine brucellosis

What bacteria is gram negative, an obligate aerobe, and facultative intracellular?

Brucella

Brucellosis is an _________ infection that causes ___________ and __________ in humans

• chronic

• bovine abortion

• undulant fever

B. abortus is ________ and can cause disease in multiple animals

zoonotic

B. abortus causes ________ of late stage fetus and has no ______ or _______ present on the placenta

• abortion

• pus

• necrosis

B. abortus can cause ____________ which causes increased testicular temperature and decrease in sperm production

Bovine orchitis

Bovine orchitis results in a miliary granuloma which signifies a ________ infection

chronic

Brucella is often transmitted through __________

feed

What are the virulence factors of brucella

• facultative intracellular parasitism

• obligate parasites

• type 4 secretion system

• miliary granuloma

• endotoxin

• carrier animals

Brucella multiplies within a _________ and multiplies well in a placenta due to the presence of _____________

• brucellosome

• erythritol

Abortion cause by brucella happens due to ________

placentitis

Most organisims infected with brucella will remain _________ for life and will shed in ______ or ________

• carriers

• uterine exudate

• milk

What host factors predispose an animal to get brucella?

pregnancy

What laboratory diagnostics define brucella

• gram negative

• coccobacilli

• obligate aerobic

• carbonophillic

• antibody induced agglutination

Brucellosis has a reservoir in __________

infected animals

What ways could help prevent infection by brucella

• test and slaughter

• prevent ingestion

• prevent contact with infected animals