Pelvis

Femur

The longest and strongest bone in the body.

Proximal femur

Consists of the head, neck, greater trochanters, and lesser trochanters.

Head of femur

Rounded and smooth for articulation with the hip bones, containing a depression called the fovea capitis.

Neck of femur

Strong pyramidal process of bone that connects the head with the body or shaft in the region of the trochanters.

Greater Trochanters

A large prominence located superiorly and laterally to the femoral shaft.

Lesser Trochanters

A smaller, blunt eminence that projects medially and posteriorly from the junction of the neck and shaft of the femur.

Pelvis

Serves as the base of the trunk and connects the vertebral column to the lower limbs.

Ilium

Part of the hip bone located superior to the acetabulum.

Ischium

Part of the hip bone that is inferior and posterior to the acetabulum.

Pubis

Part of the hip bone that is inferior and anterior to the acetabulum.

True pelvis

The area inferior to the pelvic brim, forming the actual birth canal.

Greater pelvis

The area above the pelvic brim.

Gynecoid pelvis

The female pelvic shape, which is wider and more flared.

Android pelvis

The male pelvic shape, which is narrower and less flared.

Sacroiliac joints

The joints between the sacrum and each ilium.

Symphysis pubis

The structure between the right and left pubic bones.

Hip joints

The joints between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis.

Avulsion fractures

Fractures caused by sudden, forceful muscle contractions, causing extreme pain.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)

Hip dislocations present at birth that may require frequent monitoring with X-rays.

Leg-Calve-Perthes disease

A condition of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head, commonly presenting with a limp.

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disease characterized by degradation of cartilage and pain.

Pelvic ring fractures

Fractures occurring due to trauma, often impacting both sides of the pelvis.

AP Axial Outlet Projection

A projection used to assess pelvic trauma, requiring a CR angle of 20 to 35 degrees for males and 30 to 45 degrees for females.

Modified Cleaves Method

A projection method for hip dislocation that involves abducting the femur.

Danelus-Miller Method

An axiolateral projection technique used in trauma cases of the hip.