2021 National Floriculture General Knowledge

The water-conducting tissue of plants is called _________. a. xylem b. phloem c. peduncle d. pedicel

A. xylem

A chemical compound used as an additive to prevent the growth of bacteria in vase water is considered to be a(an) __________. a. acidifier b. biocide c. botrytis d. citric acid

B. biocide

Rolling back petals of a flower to create a more open blossom is called __________. a. petalling b. reflexing c. sewing d. tailoring

B. reflexing

What is a common target date for bracts to develop color and the flowers open? a. September 15 b. October 10 c. November 15 d. December 25

C. November 15

A state of equilibrium where both sides of the design are equal. a. asymmetrical design b. symmetrical design c. composition d. form

B. symmetrical design

The portion of a design engaged by objects. An area occupied by flowers, foliage, or other objects within a floral design. a. positive space b. negative space c. accent d. focal point

A. positive space

The organization of components into a harmonious whole resulting in a cohesive relationship of all parts defines __________. a. unity b. balance c. theme d. harmony

A. unity

Florist wire is sold by gauge. A thin, light wire would be what number gauge? a. 1 b. 12 c. 22 d. 28

D. 28

The secondary colors consist of: a. green, orange, violet b. Violet, blue, red c. yellow, red, blue d. green, yellow, blue

A. green, orange, violet

Fresh flowers should be stored in a floral cooler at 34–38 degrees F with 80–90% relative humidity. a. True b. False

A. True

A purlin in greenhouse construction is used for what purpose? a. Frame components spanning the space between the eave and the ridge. b. A panel attached to the greenhouse that permits opening for ventilation. c. A component of the greenhouse frame running the length of the greenhouse just below the roof covering that connects trusses together. d. A component of the greenhouse frame spanning the width of the greenhouse that is welded or bolted together.

C. A component of the greenhouse frame running the length of the greenhouse just below the roof covering that connects trusses together.

The essential ingredients for photosynthesis to take place in the plant is: a. Water, oxygen, carbon, light b. Water, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, light c. Carbon dioxide, glucose, chlorophyll, light d. Oxygen, light, hydrogen, glucose

B. Water, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, light

Of the following nutrient list which one includes only micronutrients? a. Zinc, copper, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, calcium, and chlorine b. Manganese, zinc, potassium, calcium, copper, iron, and chlorine c. Iron, nitrogen, sulfur, magnesium, molybdenum, boron, and manganese d. Boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, iron, manganese, and chlorine

D. Boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, iron, manganese, and chlorine

Applying too much nitrogen to plants can cause adverse effects on plant growth. Of the following four items which is not a plant’s response to excessive nitrogen: a. Weaken the stem because of long and soft growth b. Lower the plants resistance to disease c. Yellow or light green leaves on the plant d. Lower the quality of the fruit of the plant causing them to be soft to ship

C. Yellow or light green leaves on the plant

The three basic parts of a seed are: a. Seed coat, endosperm, and embryo b. Cotyledons, roots, and seed coat c. Endosperm, roots, and embryo d. Primer, seed coat, and embryo

A. Seed coat, endosperm, and embryo

In a flower shop which of the following are not considered overhead expenses? a. Rent or mortgage payment b. Hard goods c. Insurance d. Utilities (water, gas, electricity)

B. Hard goods

Auxin is produced in the shoot tips by a plant. The purpose of auxin in the plant is to: a. Inhibit lateral branch development b. Start the process of flower development c. Promote lateral branch development d. Encourage seed development

A. Inhibit lateral branch development

REI to a greenhouse worker means: a. Reliant environmental interval b. Retractant emergency integration c. Reliable environmental information d. Restricted entry interval

D. Restricted entry interval

Which pesticide LD50 number listed below is the most toxic? a. LD50 of 5,045 b. LD50 of 45 c. LD50 of 545 d. LD50 of 145

B. LD50 of 45

An armature in floral arrangements is used: a. To create a framework to hold stems in place b. To support a floral design container c. To create a system for transporting floral work d. To make a flower stem longer

A. To create a framework to hold stems in place

If a species has separate plants with each plant having only male flowers or female flowers, the plant is considered _____________________. a. complete b. dioecious c. monoecious d. perfect

B. dioecious

___________________ is a process in which glucose combines with oxygen to produce energy in a form that can be used by plants. a. Cohesion b. Photosynthesis c. Respiration d. Transpiration

C. Respiration

A pesticide label cautions against dermal contact; this means the poison could enter the body by ______________. a. contact with skin b. ingesting c. inhaling d. transfusion

A. contact with skin

_____________________ deficiency appears as a marginal yellowing or scorch on the edges of leaves on the lower portion of the plant. a. Calcium b. Iron c. Nitrogen d. Potassium

D. Potassium

Photosynthesis primarily occurs within the ________________ inside plant cells. a. chloroplast b. golgi apparatus c. nucleus d. vacuole

A. chloroplast

A plant with a species name macrophylla could be expected to have ________________. a. small leaves b. large leaves c. small flowers d. large flowers

B. large leaves

The ______________ are crescent shaped and are responsible for opening the stoma. a. lenticels b. vascular bundles c. receptacles d. guard cells

D. guard cells

Chrysanthemums typically flower in late summer or fall. Their photoperiod category is considered which of the following: a. Day-Neutral Plants b. Long-Day Plants c. Short-Day Plants d. Daily Light Integral Plants

C. Short-Day Plants

____________ are responsible for cell division and differentiation. They are produced in the roots and transported throughout the plant through the xylem. a. Ethylenes b. Gibberellins c. Auxins d. Cytokinins

D. Cytokinins

Many daylily, dahlia, and gladiola varieties are polyploid, which means that they have more than one set of _____________. a. zygotes b. chromosomes c. nuclei d. scions

B. chromosomes

The pigment _____________ produces orange-yellow flowers. a. carotene b. chlorophyll c. anthocyanin d. xanthophyll

A. carotene

Which of the following plant characteristics belongs to monocots? a. netted leaf veins b. scattered vascular bundles c. flower parts in multiples of four or five d. taproot system

B. scattered vascular bundles

What are four things growing medium provides for plants? a. darkness, food, nutrients, oxygen b. carbon dioxide, disease resistance, sugars, water c. nutrients, oxygen, support, water d. vitamins, organic matter, support, water

C. nutrients, oxygen, support, water

Most essential elements for plant growth are available to most plants when the soil pH is between _____. a. 3.0 to 5.5 b. 5.5 and 7.0 c. 7.0 to 10.5 d. 10.5 to 12.0

B. 5.5 and 7.0

What is a miniature arachnid that sucks sap from plants? a. aphid b. beetle c. mite d. Nematode

C. mite

Poinsettias are very susceptible to root rot diseases caused by Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Thielaviopsis fungi. How can these disease problems be reduced? a. Apply fungicides when appropriate and adhere to proper watering. b. Introduce beneficial microorganisms to the greenhouse environment. c. Provide cooler day temperatures and warmer night temperatures. d. Use varieties genetically engineered to be resistant to root rot

A. Apply fungicides when appropriate and adhere to proper watering.

How are chrysanthemums classified? a. by response group, height, and flower form b. by response group, speed of rooting, and flower texture c. by root growth, height, and flower color d. by root length, leaf size, and flower form

A. by response group, height, and flower form

Why are Easter lilies a relatively difficult crop to grow? a. Easter falls on a different date each year. b. They are extremely sensitive to dry medium. c. They are short-day plants grown in the spring. d. They have so many pest and disease problems

A. Easter falls on a different date each year.

What is the best explanation why bedding plant seeds are sown in rows? a. to ensure that developing seedlings have good light exposure b. to keep different plant varieties from becoming intermingled c. to maintain an organized, attractive seed germination room d. to reduce the possible spread of disease across an entire flat

D. to reduce the possible spread of disease across an entire flat

What are small plants grown in small amounts of medium in divided trays? a. cormels b. explants c. liners d. plugs

D. plugs

In pricing retail items, it is important to include additional hard good costs, which would include: a. The floral foam and vase used to construct the arrangement b. The flowers used to make the design c. The filler used to complete the design d. The gas used in the delivery vehicle

A. The floral foam and vase used to construct the arrangement

Fresh goods used to create a retail floral design are typically marked up from wholesale pricing at the following rate: a. 10% b. 200% c. 50% d. 500%

B. 200%

As the wholesale price of fresh flowers increased due to supply issues, the resulting price affect was seen by consumers: a. The price of delivery was decreased b. The price of add-on purchased increased c. The availability of flowers increased d. The retail price of flowers increased

D. The retail price of flowers increased

Which of the following floral products is a seasonal design specifically representing the fall harvest season? a. An evergreen wreath with colorful ornaments b. A blooming spring bulb in a vase c. A summer bouquet of sunflowers d. A cornucopia (horn of plenty) filled with flowers, fruit, and vegetables

D. A cornucopia (horn of plenty) filled with flowers, fruit, and vegetables

How could a florist or garden shop offer products that promote a sustainable and environmentally conscientious perspective? a. Offer organically grown plants b. Sell organic fertilizers c. Market seasonal and local products d. All of the above

D. All of the above

In response to supply issues for fresh flowers from South America, the following result was by floral retailers in the wholesale cost of fresh goods: a. The price of hard goods decreased b. The price of flowers increased c. The price of flowers decreased d. The shipping costs decreased

B. The price of flowers increased

Which of the following products would be the best choice of tools / materials to adhere fresh flowers in constructing a wristlet corsage: a. Hot Glue b. Cold Glue c. Wire d. Braiding

B. Cold Glue

Which life stage is most damaging to ornamental crops from the lepidoptera order of insects? a. Adult b. Larvae c. Nymph d. Egg

B. Larvae

If a plant is showing a yellowing in the leaves, it is most likely deficient in the nutrient: a. Phosphorus b. Potassium c. Zinc d. Nitrogen

D. Nitrogen

When removing thorns from roses, it is important to avoid tearing the outer layer, or bark, which would damage the plants: a. Xylem and phloem b. Roots c. Petals d. Pith

A. Xylem and phloem