enterobac family lec test2

proteus

non lactose fermenter, swarming, urease pos, resistant to tetracycline and nitrofurantoin; mirabilis: S ampicillin, vulgaris: R ampicillin

morganella

proteae, no swarming, NLF, indole pos; morganella morganii

providensia

proteae, non swaming, severe skin/wound infections (burns)

serratia

KES, SLF, common nosoclomial infection for ventilated/immunocomp patients, sinks showers and toilets, dnase pos, lipase pos, gelatinase pos, intrinsically resistant to ampicillin and cephalothin

enterobacter

KES, slightly mucoid on MAC, infections at many body sites, urea neg ODC

klebsiella

highly mucoid (capsule), nonmotile, lactose fermenter, ODC neg, w+ urease; pnemonia- pnemonia and UTI, indol neg, intrinsically resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, and ticarcilin; oxytoca- severe GI illness, pnemonia and antibiotic accociate diarrhea, and colitis from endotoxins

edwardsiella

biochem similar to e.coli; tarda- wound infections from water (found in fish reptiles, and birds)

e.coli

rapid lactose ferment (gas production), IMViC: ++--, leading cause of UTI (e. coli bacteriemia) and gram neg meningitis in newborns, can also be seen in wounds and sputum's

ETEC

enterotoxigenic e.coli: common cause of travelers diarrhea (montezumas revenge) -watery non bloody, ab cramps, and low grade fever- from contaminated water/food that attacks sm intestion with pili (adhesins), produces heat stable and labile enterotoxins, self limiting & HIGH infectious dose

EPEC

enteropathogenic e.coli: infant diarrhea (under 2) in more developed countries, adheres to sm intestinal mucosal cells, not toxin mediated (watery diarrhea and mucus without blood), self limiting

EIEC

eenteroinvasive e.coli: uncommon, diarrhea in adults and kids, invades colonic mucosa causes inflammation, ulceration, and tissue damage, "dysentery like" symptoms, lactose neg and non motile, high inf dose (mis ID as shigella)

EAEC

enteroadherent e.coli: persistant (over 2 wk) diarrhea by adhering to intest. mucose, "stacked brick" patter of attatchment, affect both adults and kids and can possibly cause UTIs (ascend to kidneys)

EHEC

enterohemorrhagic e.coli: (O157:H7), undercooked beef, contaminated water, shiga toxins (STEC: shiga toxin producing e.coli), watery diarrhea that can progressively be bloody, lead to HUS: hemolytic uremic syndrome (excessive bleeding) that can cause thrombocytopenia and acute kidney failure, most risk in kids and elderly,; EHEC is the ONLY e.coli that is SMAC (sorbitol MAC) and MUG neg (lack beta glucuronidase, O157 detected with latex agglut or ELISA; treatment dialysis not always self limiting (sent to state)

shigella

nonmotile urease neg and most are lactose neg TSI- K/A; hard to distinguish btwn e.coli; causes progressive bacilliary dysentery (bloody diarrhea) even pus in it and abd cramps -WBCS in stool , very low infectious dose, spread through contact food/water, and formites, most are self limiting

group A shigella

shigella dysenteriae mainly in japan, produces shiga toxin and neuro toxin (most severe)

group B shigella

shigella flexneri: in US common with m=homosexual males, disease primarily due to bac NOT toxin

group C shigella

shigella boydii uncommon in US

group D shigella

shigella sonnei, most common in US, highly transmissible, ONLY ONPG pos shigella

salmonella

NLF, TSI: K/A, urea neg, survive freeze, transmitted through food/water fomites and fecal oral route (raw eggs, poultry, turtles), have O H and Vi antigen, two species are s. enterica and bongori

describe disease state of salmonella

foodborne, severity on : dose serotype and immune status, symptoms 6-48 hr after ingestion, causes diarrhea and cramps and vomiting, self-limiting; all can cause bacteremia and some septicemia (typhi, paratyphi, choleraesuis-affinity for heart valves and endocarditis)

describe typhoid fever

from typhi or paratyphi; week 1: prolonged fever, headache, dry cough, anorexia, constipation (BLOOD CULTURE) week 2: invade gallbladder, rose spots on abdomen, stool culture, intestinal hemorrhage, perforation and sepsis (10% mortality if untreated)

how can someone be a carrier of salmonella and describe carrier state

only in the gallbladder (typhi/paratyphi) from not being treated and body gets over it naturally; shed salmonella 1yr after infection so its easily passed and cannot be eliminated by antibiotics alone because its colonized gallbladder (require removal)

describe citrobacter

salmonella family, normal flora in intestine, opportunistic when displaced, lactose fermenter, looks like e.coli on MAC, Citrobacter freundii

describe the general characteristics of yersinia

gram neg, oxidase neg, glucose fermenter, less common in us, but causes GI and systemic infections

describe yersinia pestis infectious state

bubonic plague/black death causes enlarged lymph nodes (buboes) that become necrotic) can survive within phagocytic cells (spreads to bloodsream); systemic plague= survive in macrophage; pneumonic plague= spread to lungs 100% fatal

describe how to ID yersinia pestis

safety pin (bipolar) staining; nonmotile at all temps, urea neg, grow best at 25 deg c, found in SW USA within rodent population, very aerosliable on media, class A bioterrorism agent

describe yersinia enerocolitica infectious state

found in undercooked pork/chitterlings causes gastroenteritis, pseudoappendicitis, septicemia, reactive arthritis, erythema nodosum (itching appendages)

describe characteristics of yersinia enterocolitica

motile at 25 nonmotile at 35-37, can grow in fridge temps, urea pos, safety pin stain, CIN (for yersinia that has mannitol) has bullseye colonies -pink because it ferments mannitol

describe yersinia pseudoterberculosis

animal pathogen (guinea pics and birds), Gi and mesenteric lymph node infections (pseudoappendicitis), motile, urea pos

describe pleisomonas shigelloides

bac found in freshwater, in undercooked seafood (oysters); causes watery diarrhea that can persist weeks to months (more severe in immunocomp/HIV); oxidase pos, glucose fermenter, cross react with shigella antisera, grow poor on MAC but well on CIN

what is ESBL

extended spectrum beta-lactamase: enzymes that breakdown penicillins (best) and cephalosporins (second best); org can become resistant to beta lactam and require treatment with carbapenemns

what is CRE/KRE

carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (K=started with klebsiella): produce carbapenemase enzyme that destroy carbapenem antibiotics; resistant to penicillin, cephalosporin, and carbapenems (plasma mediated)