Chemistry & Properties of Water

Term Card is the question; Definition Card is the answer

Define Matter, Element, and Atoms and Relate Them

Matter - Anything that takes up space & has mass

Element - Chemical substance made of one atom type

Atom - Smallest unit of matter

Atoms make up elements

Three particles that make up an atom. Location, Charge, & Mass

Electron - Outer bands, negative, none

Proton- Nucleus, positive, 1 amu

Neutron - Nucleus, none, 1 amu

How to calculate protons, electrons, neutrons, atomic number, and atomic mass

Protons - atomic number

Electron - proton #

Neutrons - mass - atomic number

Atomic number - proton #

Atomic mass - protons + neutrons

What is a valence electron? How many in Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

The # of electrons in the outermost ring

O - 6

C - 4

H - 1

N - 5

P - 5

S - 6

How is an isotope different + example

An isotope is an element with a different # of neutrons

Ex: Carbon 14 (6p, 6e, 8n)

Why is it important for atoms to gain, lose, or share electrons and what is happening?

Atoms do this to achieve a full outer electron shell and they form a bond

What are two differences between ionic & covalent bonds?

Sharing electrons (c.) / complete transfers (i)

Sharing pairs (c.) / creating charged ions (i)

Describe the structure of a water molecule. Which bonds hold together the atom and like atoms? Compare the strengths.

One Oxygen atom and two Hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Different h2o molecules are connected with Hydrogen. Covalent bonds are much stronger than Hydrogen bonds.

Why is water considered a polar molecule? Which substances do and don’t dissolve in water?

Water is polar because it has an uneven share of electrons creating partial positive/negative charges. Do: Salt and Sugar Don’t: Oil and Fat

Define adhesion, cohesion, and capillarity. Provide an example for each term.

Adhesion - Water sticking to a surface Ex: Water on glass

Cohesion - Water being attracted to itself Ex: Surface Tension

Capillarity - Water flowing/rising up narrow spaces Ex: Straw

Define solute, solvent, and solution + 2 examples

Solute - substance being dissolved

Solvent - substance solute is dissolved in

Solution - combination of the solute and solvent

Hot Chocolate: Solute - cocoa powder Solvent - water/milk

Coffee: Solute - coffee powder Solvent - water

How does Lake Michigan show temperature moderation

The lake’s high volume of water makes temperature changes go slower due to water having high specific heat capacity (absorb / release thermal energy slowly)

Why does ice float in soda. Explain the advantages + disadvantages

Solid ice is less dense than soda. There can be life under ice, but roads can be damaged

Carbon

C, 6 - atomic number

Oxygen

O, 8 - atomic number

Hydrogen

H, 1 - atomic number

Nitrogen

N, 7 - atomic number

Phosphorous

P, 15 - atomic number, 31 - atomic mass (16 neutrons)

Sulfur

S, 16 - atomic number