medical emergencies CPR

List the four vital signs used to detect a person’s baseline health status.

Respiration, temperature, pulse, and blood pressure.

Describe how a person’s metabolism can affect vital signs.

Metabolism affects body temperature, heart rate, and respiration. A faster metabolism may increase these measurements, while a slower metabolism may decrease them.

three types of thermometers

Oral, Rectal, Tympanic

common pulse sites used for taking a pulse.

Radial

characteristics to look for when taking a patient’s pulse

Rate, rhythm, and volume.

Give the characteristics of respiration and how they affect a patient’s breathing.

Rate, rhythm, depth, and effort. Abnormalities may indicate respiratory or cardiovascular problems.

What is the recommended way to obtain an accurate reading of a patient’s respiration count?

Observe chest movements without drawing attention to the counting and count breaths for one full minute, particularly if breathing is irregular.

Why is it important to take a patient’s blood pressure in a dental office?

To establish a baseline, identify abnormal blood pressure, and assess potential risks before dental treatment.

Characterize the Korotkoff sounds heard when a person’s blood pressure is taken

The first clear tapping sound indicates systolic pressure. The disappearance of the sounds generally indicates diastolic pressure in adults.

What does a pulse oximeter measure?

It estimates the percentage of haemoglobin carrying oxygen in the blood (SpO₂) and usually displays the pulse rate.

Diastolic

the term used to describe the blood pressure reading when the heart chambers are relaxed and dilated.

Electrocardiogram

a procedure that measures the electrical activity of the heartbeat, and can be used in the detection and diagnosis of heart abnormalities.

Metabolism

the physical and chemical processes that occur within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life.

Arrhythmia

An irregularity in the force or rhythm of the heartbeat

Antecubital space

the fold in the arm in front of the elbow

Pulse

a rhythmic throbbing of arteries produced by regular contraction of the heart.

Radial

The ______ artery is located at the base of the thumb on the wrist side.

Respiration

the act or process of inhaling and exhaling (breathing).

Sphygmomanometer

The instrument used for measuring blood pressure is the ______.

Stethoscope

The instrument that is used for listening to sounds produced within the body is the ______.

Temperature

______ is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or an environment.

Thermometer

The instrument used for measuring a person’s temperature is the ______.

Rhythm

______ is a sequence or pattern.

Tympanic

______ relates to or resembles a drum.

Volume

The quantity or amount of a substance is its ______.

A normal pulse rate for an adult is ______.

60 to 100 beats per minute

What breathing pattern is characteristic of a very rapid rate of breathing?

Tachypnea

The normal respiration rate for an adult is ______.

10 to 20 breaths per minute

What is the diastolic reading of a blood pressure?

The last sound heard after pressure is released from the cuff

What instruments are used to take a patient’s blood pressure?

sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope

Who discovered the series of sounds that can be heard during the taking of a blood pressure reading?

Nicolai Korotkoff

Which would be considered a normal blood pressure reading for an adult?

122/83, the best answer among the choices provided.

five most common oral health conditions that affect the older patient.

Periodontal disease, Root caries, Xerostomia (dry mouth), Tooth loss, Bone resorption

Give three categories in which older adults can be defined throughout their aging process. Explain how they differ with regard to their dental care.

• Functionally independent: Usually able to perform daily activities and oral hygiene independently.

• Frail: May need help with mobility, daily activities, or oral hygiene.

• Functionally dependent: Requires substantial assistance with daily activities and dental care.

What is important to obtain from a medically compromised patient in addition to the medical-dental history?

An accurate, current medication list, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and supplements.

Anemia.

A person with a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying component of blood is said to have ______.

Atrophy

A term for wasting away or deterioration is ______.

Seizure

A(n) ______ is a sudden episode, spasm, or convulsion that occurs in specific disorders.

Bacteremia

The presence of bacteria in the blood is termed ______.

Xerostomia

______ is a term for the loss of saliva production that causes a dry mouth.

Angina

______ is severe pain in the chest that results from an insufficient supply of blood to the heart.

Epilepsy

______ is a neurological disorder that includes sudden recurring seizures of motor, sensory, or psychological function.

Alzheimer’s

is a disorder in which progressive mental deterioration occurs in middle to old age

Hemophilia

A blood coagulation disorder in which the blood fails to clot normally is ______

Bronchitis.

______ is a chronic disorder in which the inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes

Hyperthyroidism.

A condition that results from excessive activity of the thyroid gland is ______.

Leukemia.

A disease of the bone marrow in which an abnormal development of white blood cells occurs is ______.

Myocardial infarction.

______ is also known as a heart attack.

Arthritis.

Inflammation, pain, and swelling of the joints are symptoms of ______.

Asthma.

______ is a chronic respiratory disease that is often associated with allergies and is characterized by sudden recurring attacks of labored breathing, chest constriction, and coughing.

Hypothyroidism.

______ is a condition that results from severe thyroid insufficiency.

Stroke.

A sudden loss of brain function caused by a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel to the brain is a ______.

Diabetes.

______ is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by having high blood glucose and insufficient insulin.

What common oral adverse effect results from taking Dilantin?

Xerostomia

An example of a neurologic disorder is ______.

multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease

The leading cause of death in the United States is ______.

heart disease

What organ in the body is affected by pulmonary disorders?

Lungs

The abbreviation COPD stands for

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

What body system would be affected if a patient has an overactive thyroid gland?

Endocrine

A patient with type I diabetes is classified as ______.

insulin dependent.

What is the psychological disorder in which a patient experiences alternating, prolonged episodes of extreme elation followed by depression?

Bipolar disorder

Which developmental disorder causes difficulties with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors?

Autism

medical emergency

A sudden illness or injury requiring immediate attention to prevent serious harm or death

List the basic items to be included in an emergency kit.

Oxygen delivery equipment, a pocket mask or CPR barrier, a bag-valve-mask if available, a blood pressure monitor, stethoscope, pulse oximeter, glucose-testing supplies, appropriate emergency medications, oral glucose, gloves, and access to an AED.

What are the physical changes most often seen in a patient during a medical emergency?

Changes in skin colour, sweating, abnormal breathing, changes in pulse, dizziness, weakness, confusion, loss of consciousness, chest pain, or convulsions.

What are the most common causes of hypoglycemia in a patient?

Excess insulin or diabetes medication, missed meals, insufficient food intake, increased exercise without adjusting food or medication, and alcohol consumption.

Convulsion

A(n) ______ is a sudden, irregular, uncontrollable movement of a limb or body.

Erythema.

______ is a redness that is most likely caused by inflammation or infection

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

______ is an emergency procedure used to restore consciousness or life

Acute

Rapid onset of a symptom can be termed ______.

Allergy

A person who is highly sensitive to a certain substance has a(n) ______ to that substance.

Allergen

A(n) ______ can trigger an allergic state

Syncope

______ is the loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood going to the brain.

Gait.

A person’s ______ is his or her way or manner of moving by foot.

Anaphylaxis

______ is a life-threatening hypersensitivity to a substance.

In emergency care, the acronym CAB signifies ______.

chest compressions, airway, breathing

What is the ratio of breaths to compressions when CPR is performed on an adult?

30 compressions/2 breaths.

In emergency care, the acronym AED represents ______.

automated external defibrillator.

If a patient tells you how he or she is feeling, the patient is referring to a(n) ______.

symptom.

When a patient is not responsive to sensory stimulation, he or she is said to be ______.

unconscious.

bronchodilator

The medication that an asthmatic patient would most commonly carry with him or her is ______.