internal topography

what are ventricles lined with

ependymal cells

T/F ventricles have CSF

T(true)

where are ventricles found

cerebrum, brainstem, and spinal cord

there are two lateral ventricles, what does each one contain

anterior horn, body, posterior horn, inferior horn

where are the third and fourth ventricles

midline

what are basil ganglia

masses of grey matter in each cerebral hemisphere

what are the 5 parts of the basil ganglia

cuadate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra

what parts of the basil ganglia make up the lenticular nucleus

putamen and globus pallidus

what parts of the basil ganglia make up the striatum

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

why do we pay attention to the basil ganglia

heavily involved in the motor movement system

what commissural fibers make up the corpus callosum

rostrum, genu, body, splenium

what does the commissural fiber, corpus callosum do

transfer sensory, motor, and cognitive information between left and right

what does the anterior commissure do

shares visual, auditory, and memory signals between left and right

what does the posterior commissure do

oculomotor functions (pupillary light reflex)

Association fibers, ____________ connect adjacent regions and ______________ connect distant reguins

short fibers, long fibers

what are the three large association fibers

superior longitudinal fasciculus, unicate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus

what does the superior longitudinal fasciculus do

connect frontal to occipital and temporal lobes

where is the arcuate fasciculus and what does it do

in superior longitudinal fasciculus and connects brocas to wernickes

what does the unicate fasciculus do

connects frontal and temporal lobes

what does the inferior longitudinal fasciculus do

connects occipital lobe to temporal lobe

what is the internal capsule made up of

anterior limb, genu, posterior limb

what is the functions of the anterior limb in the internal capsule

connects frontal lobe and prefrontal cortex to subcortical areas, emotion, mood, executive functions, and motor planning

what is the function of genu in the internal capsule

connects motor cortex to brainstem, controls muscles of facial expression, mastication, speech, and swallowing

what is the function of the posterior limb in the interior capsule

connects motor cortex to descending motor pathways, connects thalamus to sensory cortex (somatosensory signals)

what are the 3 borders of the third ventricle

thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus

what is the function of the thalamus

relay and processing of sensory signals, sensory integration, attention and arousal from connections with reticular formation in brainstem, regulate behavior and mood with limbic system

what does the hypothalamus connect

infundibulum to the pituitary gland

what is the function of the hypothalamus

endocrine function via pituitary gland, homeostasis, mamillary bodies help with spatial naviftion and episodic memory

what roles of homeostasis does the hypothalamus effect

thermoregulation, energy metabolism, feeding and satiety, circadian rhythms

what is the function of the epithalamus

pineal gland secretes melatonin, regulats circadian rhythms, regulates motor pathways (limbic system with basil ganglia)`

what transverses the cerebral peduncles

CST, CBT, corticopontine fibers from all lobes

what is this a picture of

lower medulla

where do the CST cross

lower medulla

what is this a picture of and what is formed at this level

middle medulla and medial leminiscus

what is this a picture of

upper medulla

what is this a picture of

pons (middle section of brainstem)

what is this a picture of

inferior colliculus

what is this a picture of

superior colliculus

what is this a picture of

lower medulla; motor decussation

label 1-6

central canal, fasciculus gracilis, fasciculus cuneatus, anterolateral system, pyramids (CST), pyramidal decussation

what is this a picture of

middle medulla; sensory decussation

label 1-10

medullary reticular formation, internal arcuate fibers, central canal, nucleus gracilis, fasciculus gracilis, fasciculus coneatus, nucleus cuneatus, anterolateral system, medial lamniscus, pyramids

what is this a picture of

upper medulla

label 1-7

medullary reticular formation, 4th ventricle, anterolateral system, medial lemniscus, pyramids, olive, inferior olivary nucleus

what is this a picture of

lower pons

label 1-7

cerebellum, 4th ventricle, medial lemniscus, anterolateral system, descending motor tracts, pontine reticular formation, middle/inferior cerebellar peduncles

what is this a picture of

middle pons

label 1-6

4th ventricle, medial lemniscus, anterolateral system, descending motor tracts, middle cerebellar peduncle, pontine reticular formation

what is the a picture of

superior pons

label 1-4

cerebral aquaduct, anterolateral system, medial lemniscus, descending motor tracts

what is this a picture of

inferior midbrain

label 1-6

cerebral aquaduct, inferior colliculi, anterolateral system, medial lemniscus, cerebral peduncle, substantia nigra

what is this a picture of

superior midbrain

label 1-7

cerebral aquaduct, superior colliculi, anterolateral system, medial lemniscus, cerebral peduncle, red nucleus, substantia nigra

identify what level these pictures are

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

what section is this picture taken in and label 1-6

transverse, lateral ventricle (AH), caudate nucleus, internal capsule, lentiform nucleus, thalamus, lateral ventricle (PH)

what section is this a picture of, is it in the front of the back, label 1-3

coronal, back, occipital lobe, lateral ventricle (PH), cerebrellum

what section is this, is it front or back, and label 1-4

coronal section, front, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, corpus callosum