[1.1] Healthcare as a System: The Hospital_LONG

Comprehensive collection of 100 vocabulary flashcards for Pharm Sci 152 covering health care institutions, levels of healthcare, hospital definitions, functions, legal classifications, supporting departments, and hospital organizational staff structures.

Long-Term Health Facility

A health facility for inpatients other than a hospital, with an organized medical staff and continuous nursing service, which provides medical, comprehensive, preventive, rehabilitative, social, spiritual, and emotional in-patient care.

Resident Treatment Facility

A healthcare facility that provides safe, hygienic living arrangements for residents, regular and emergency health services, and other support services.

Clinic

A facility or area where ambulatory patients are seen for special study and treatment by a group of physicians practicing together, and where the patient is not confined in a hospital.

Ambulatory Patients

Patients who receive medical care and evaluation without being confined to a hospital bed; also better known as outpatients.

Special Study (Clinics)

Research investigations carried out in clinical settings, explicitly including clinical trials and drug discovery.

UPM-PGH Faculty Medical Arts Building

The facility at the University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital that houses outpatient clinics.

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

An entity that provides comprehensive health services to enrolled individuals on a per capita prepayment basis.

Primary Care

The first level of healthcare delivery consisting of the broadest range of basic services, including immunizations, wellness visits, minor illness care, and injury care.

Universal Healthcare Primary Care Emphasis

The prioritization of first-level healthcare in universal health coverage systems designed to avoid bombarding and overburdening tertiary care facilities.

Primary Care Providers

First-contact healthcare professionals, specifically comprising primary care physicians, community nurses, and community pharmacists.

Secondary Care

Medical care provided outside the scope of primary care, usually delivered in clinics with specialists, often requiring diagnostic testing and acute care.

Acute Care

Secondary-level healthcare services dedicated to the treatment of short-term illness or injury.

Admission Order

The official physician order that establishes the distinction between inpatient care and outpatient care.

Tertiary Care

A specialized level of care provided when patients get hospitalized, requiring healthcare providers with expertise, highly specialized equipment, and complex procedures.

Quaternary Care

An extension of tertiary care wherein patients require an even higher degree of specialized care, involving subspecialization, and is not common.

Hospital (DOH Definition)

A facility devoted primarily to the maintenance and operation of health facilities for the diagnosis, treatment, and care of individuals suffering from illness, disease, injury, or deformity, or in need of medical, nursing, surgical, or obstetrical care, where beds, cribs, or bassinets are installed for $24\text{-hour}$ use or longer by patients.

Hospital (Board Exam Definition)

An organized structure which pools together all the health professionals, diagnostic and therapeutic facilities, equipment and supplies, and physical facilities into a coordinated system for delivering health care to the public.

Four Functions of the Hospital

The four main functional pillars of a hospital: Patient Care, Education, Research, and Wellness.

Patient Care (Hospital Function)

The primary hospital function encompassing the diagnosis and treatment of illness or injury based on medical necessity.

Preventive Medicine

Hospital-based interventions aimed at disease prevention, exemplified by the mass administration of vaccines for vaccine-preventable diseases (immunization).

Rehabilitation

Services provided in order to restore a patient's health and functioning after undergoing therapy.

Convalescent Care

Short-term care and supportive assistance provided to patients undergoing recovery.

Precision Medicine

An emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person.

Center for Precision Health and Medicine

A specialized center established at the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) providing precision and personalized healthcare.

Pharmacogenetics Testing

Laboratory analysis of how a person's unique DNA affects the way their body processes medications, helping doctors predict drug safety and efficacy or risk of dangerous side effects.

Carbamazepine Pharmacogenomics Screening

A clinical screening test conducted to determine whether carbamazepine will cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) in Filipino patients through association with the HLA-B75 serotype or HLA-B*15:21 allele, determining if the drug can be prescribed.

Education of Health Professions (Hospital Function)

The hospital role of providing appropriate facilities and practical clinical learning experiences for medical and allied health students, clerks, and interns.

Education of the Patient

Hospital-provided education encompassing general and special patient education, including pharmacy counseling on the proper use of medications.

Patient Medication Counseling (PMC) Services

A clinical pharmacy counseling service provided to patients on the proper use of medications, exemplified by the services offered by UPCP.

CIPP Model

An evaluation framework standing for Context, Input, Process, and Product, utilized to evaluate Patient Medication Counseling (PMC) services in the Philippine General Hospital.

Internship

Undergraduate practical clinical training completed by health professions students.

Externship

Post-graduate clinical training completed by a graduate in a hospital where they are not employed.

Research (Hospital Function)

Hospital activities aimed at the advancement of medical knowledge (new diagnostic procedures, surgical techniques, investigational drugs) and improvement of hospital services through systematic evaluation and innovations.

Wellness and Public Health (Hospital Function)

Hospital activities aimed at reducing the incidence of illness during patient care, improving general public health, preventing diseases, and conducting overall wellness programs.

St. Luke’s Health and Wellness Center

A dedicated facility within St. Luke's Medical Center exemplifying hospital wellness programs and preventive public health services.

UP-PGH Vision

The country's leader in transforming the lives of the people through excellent health care, education, and research, accessible to all.

UP-PGH Mission

As the National University Hospital, committed to delivering globally competitive, cost-effective, compassionate & accessible health care to the Filipinos, providing world-class education to health professionals, and generating relevant research that will impact health policies.

St. Luke’s Medical Center Vision and Mission

Vision: to provide compassionate, patient-centered experience guided by excellence and innovation; Mission: to be the unparalleled leader in patient care, clinical outcomes, research, and education.

Administrative Order No. 2012-0012 and 2012-0012-A

Department of Health administrative issuances prescribing the Rules and Regulations Governing the New Classification of Hospitals and Other Health Facilities in the Philippines, along with its official amendment.

General Hospital

A hospital that provides healthcare services for all kinds of illnesses, diseases, injuries, or deformities (e.g., UP-PGH).

Specialty Hospital

A hospital that specializes in a particular disease or condition, diseases of a particular organ or organ system, or a particular population group.

Philippine Orthopedic Center

A specialty hospital focused on the treatment of a particular type of illness or condition requiring a specialized range of orthopedic treatment.

San Lazaro Hospital

A specialty hospital located in Tayuman, Manila, dedicated to infectious and tropical diseases.

National Center for Mental Health (NCMH)

A specialty government hospital dedicated to psychiatric treatment and mental health conditions.

National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI)

A specialty government hospital specializing in the treatment of diseases of the kidney and organ transplantation.

Lung Center of the Philippines (LCP)

A specialty government hospital dedicated to diseases of the pulmonary organ system.

Philippine Heart Center (PHC)

A specialty government hospital dedicated to cardiovascular diseases and cardiac surgery.

Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital

A specialty hospital dedicated to a particular population group, specializing in maternity and newborn care.

Pediatric Specialty Hospitals (PCMC and NCH)

Specialty government hospitals dedicated to the pediatric population group, specifically Philippine Children's Medical Center (PCMC) and National Children's Hospital (NCH).

Functional Capacity Classification

The system classifying general hospitals into Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 based on specific medical, diagnostic laboratory, radiologic, and blood management capabilities.

Absolute Criteria Principle

The regulatory rule stating that all required criteria must be strictly present for a hospital to be classified as Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3.

Level 1 General Hospital

A general hospital functional level requiring a secondary clinical laboratory (basic), a blood station, and first-level X-ray capabilities.

Level 2 General Hospital

A general hospital functional level requiring all Level 1 standards plus a tertiary clinical laboratory (comprehensive), a blood station, second-level X-ray with a mobile unit, and contrast examinations.

Level 3 General Hospital

A general hospital functional level requiring all Level 1 and 2 standards plus teaching or training accreditation, a tertiary clinical laboratory with histopathology (comprehensive), a blood bank, third-level X-ray, and interventional radiology.

Specialty Hospital Fallback Rule

The classification rule stating that if a hospital cannot achieve all requirements of a Level 1 general hospital, it is classified as a specialty hospital.

Trauma-Capable Facility (Trauma Center)

A hospital facility equipped to provide comprehensive emergency medical services for traumatic injuries of any severity, featuring a trauma surgeon on-site $24/7$ and an operating room ready at all times (e.g., Quirino Memorial Medical Center, East Avenue Medical Center, Tondo Medical Center).

Trauma-Receiving Facility

A health facility within a trauma service area equipped to evaluate, treat, and transport severely injured trauma patients to an appropriate trauma-capable facility.

Government Hospital

A public hospital created by law and funded/operated by the national government, local government units, SUCs, DND, PNP, or GOCCs.

DOH-Retained Hospital

A government hospital owned, operated, and funded directly by the National Government under the Department of Health.

Local Government Unit (LGU) Hospital

A government hospital operated and funded by a local government unit (e.g., Bulacan Medical Center, Mariano Marcos Memorial Hospital & Medical Center in Ilocos).

SUC Hospitals

Government hospitals operated under State Universities and Colleges, exemplified by UP-PGH.

Victoriano Luna General Hospital (AFP Medical Center)

A government hospital operating under the Department of National Defense (DND) serving the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

PNP General Hospital

A government hospital located in Camp Crame serving the Philippine National Police.

GOCC Hospitals

Government-Owned and Controlled Corporations that operate major public specialty hospitals, such as NKTI, LCP, PHC, and PCMC.

Private Hospital

A hospital owned, established, and operated with funds through donation, principal, investment, or other means by any individual, corporation, association, or organization.

Short-Term Hospital

A hospital classified by length of stay where patient hospitalization lasts less than $30\text{ days}$.

Long-Term Hospital

A hospital classified by length of stay where patient hospitalization lasts more than $30\text{ days}$.

Small Hospital Bed Capacity

A hospital bed capacity category having fewer than $100\text{ beds}$ ($< 100$ beds).

Medium-Sized Hospital Bed Capacity

A hospital bed capacity category having $101 - 499\text{ beds}$.

Large Hospital Bed Capacity

A hospital bed capacity category having $500\text{ beds}$ or more ($\ne 500$ beds; explicitly $\\text{ge} 500$ beds).

Six-Bed Minimum Hospital Threshold

The legal licensing standard requiring that any health facility or clinic must have at least $6\text{ beds}$ (or cribs/bassinets) for $24\text{-hour}$ use to be legally classified and licensed as a hospital.

Category A: Primary Care Facility

A first-contact healthcare facility that offers basic services, including emergency services and provision for normal deliveries.

Category A Facilities With In-Patient Beds

First-contact primary care facilities equipped with inpatient beds, specifically consisting of infirmaries (offering basic health services) and birthing homes.

Category A Facilities Without In-Patient Beds

First-contact primary care facilities that operate without beds, including medical out-patient clinics, medical facilities for overseas workers and seafarers, and dental clinics.

Category B: Custodial Care Facility

A health facility that provides long-term care, including custodial psychiatric facilities, substance/drug abuse treatment and rehabilitation centers, sanitariums/leprosariums, and nursing homes.

Sanitarium / Leprosarium

A Category B custodial care facility that provides specialized long-term residential treatment and care for patients with leprosy.

Category C: Diagnostic/Therapeutic Facility

A health facility that examines the human body or specimens from the human body for the diagnosis and sometimes treatment of diseases.

Radiologic Facility (Category C)

A Category C facility equipped with ionizing machines (such as X-ray, CT scan, mammography) and non-ionizing machines (such as MRI, ultrasound).

Nuclear Medicine Facility

A Category C facility embracing all applications of radioactive materials in diagnosis, treatment, or medical research.

Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)

The government agency responsible for regulating nuclear medicine facilities in the Philippines (while all other health facilities are regulated by the DOH).

Category D: Specialized Out-Patient Facility

A facility that performs highly specialized procedures on an out-patient basis, such as dialysis clinics, ambulatory surgical clinics, IVF centers, stem cell facilities, oncology chemotherapeutic centers, radiation oncology facilities, and physical medicine/rehabilitation centers.

Central Supply Service (CSS)

A hospital supporting service that prepares, sterilizes, and supplies sterile linen, operating room (OR) packs, and other medical-surgical supplies.

Medical Record Service

A hospital supporting service that compiles complete clinical histories from admission to discharge, serving as the basis for continuity of care, review/evaluation of rendered care, and data for research and education.

Medical Social Service (MSS)

A hospital supporting service that acts as a vital liaison between the hospital, the patient, and their community, and oversees hospital charity programs.

Blood Bank (Supporting Service)

A hospital supporting service generally under the supervision of a licensed physician with a basic interest in hematology.

Pathology Supporting Service

A hospital service encompassing anatomic pathology, clinical pathology, and molecular pathology (analytical chemistry laboratory, DNA diagnostics, molecular cytogenetics, molecular immunology, and microbiology).

Board of Directors (Hospital)

The governing body that provides the overall mission and goals of the hospital, setting institutional direction.

Hospital Director

The executive responsible for implementing directives of the Board of Directors and managing all aspects of hospital operations.

Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

The executive holding the highest executive rank in hospital management, responsible for day-to-day operations.

Chief Operating Officer (COO)

A senior manager also responsible for day-to-day operations who reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer.

Chief Finance Officer (CFO)

The executive officer responsible for managing all hospital revenues and expenses.

Director of Nursing

The administrator who manages the entire hospital nursing department, which handles direct patient care.

Department Heads

Supervisory leaders who manage all aspects and operations of a particular hospital service.

Medical Staff

The organized clinical body of physicians responsible for the quality of all medical care provided to patients in the hospital.

Open Staff

A medical staff structure where certain outside physicians are allowed to use private room facilities, provided they comply with all institutional rules and regulations.

Closed Staff

A medical staff structure where all professional services, both private and charity, are provided and controlled by the attending physician staff.

Attending Medical Staff (Active Medical Staff)

Attending physicians responsible for taking direct care of patients who have direct involvement with the staff organizational and administrative duties.

Consulting Medical Staff

Medical practitioners of recognized professional ability who have completed fellowship training and serve as consultants (usually indicated with an "F" in their credential).

Honorary Medical Staff

Former medical staff members, retired physicians, or emeritus practitioners whom the medical staff chooses to honor.

Associate Medical Staff

Assistant medical staff members who are considered for advancement into the active medical staff.