BIOL 151 Lecture - DNA Structure and Replication

These flashcards cover critical vocabulary and concepts related to DNA structure and replication discussed in the lecture.

p53

A protein that triggers DNA repair in response to DNA damage and initiates apoptosis if the damage persists.

Tetramer

A complex formed when p53 molecules bind to each other.

Cyclin D

A protein that increases in response to initial growth signals and activates CDK4/6.

Helicase

An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix, separating the strands during replication.

Topoisomerase

An enzyme that alleviates the tension generated by the unwinding of DNA strands.

DNA polymerase III

The primary enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis, extending the new DNA strand.

Okazaki fragments

Short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during replication.

Phosphodiester bond

The type of bond that links nucleotides together in the DNA backbone.

Anti-parallel

The orientation of DNA strands where one strand runs in the 5' to 3' direction and the other runs 3' to 5'.

Base pairing rules

Adenine pairs with thymine (A::T) and guanine pairs with cytosine (G:::C) in DNA.

Semi-conservative replication

The mechanism of DNA replication where each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

3' hydroxyl

The end of the growing DNA strand that allows new nucleotides to be added during DNA synthesis.