DMI 108 retest set

explain the primary purpose and benefit if performing chest radiography using a 72 in SID?

to increase magnification of the heart

which anatomic structure is examined to determine rotation in a PA chest radiograph?

symmetric appearance and location of sternoclavicular joints

the traditional central ray centering technique for the chest is

place the top of the IR 2 inches above the shoulders

a narrow thorax that is shallow from the front to back but very long in the vertical dimension is a characteristic of a ____ body habitus.

asthenic

the best technical factors for adult chest radiography

110-125 kVp and 72-inch SID

why are the shoulders pressed downward and toward the IR for a PA projection of the chest?

to reduce chest rotation

where is the CR placed for an AP supine projection of the chest?

3-4 inches below the jugular notch

a condition in which all or a portion of the lung is collapsed is:

atelectasis

a sudden blockage of an artery in the lung is called:

pulmonary emboli

A PA chest radiograph shows that the left sternoclavicular joint is superimposed over the spine. What specific positioning error is involved?

rotation into a right anterior oblique (RAO) position

an ambulatory patient with a clinical history of advanced emphysema enters the ER. the pt is having difficulty breathing and is receiving oxygen. the physician has ordered a PA and lateral chest study. should the technologist alter the manual exposure factors for this pt?

yes, decrease exposure factors

a pt enters the ER with an injury to the chest. the ER physician suspects a pneumothorax may be present in the right lung. the pt is unable to stand or sit erect. which specific position or projection can be performed to confirm the diagnosis?

left lateral decubitus

a PA and lateral chest study shows a suspicious mass located near the heart in the right lung. the radiologist would like a radiograph of the pt in an anterior oblique position to delineate the mass from the heart. which position or projection should the technologist use to accomplish this objective?

60 degree LAO

a pt with a history of pulmonary edema comes into the radiology department and is unable to stand. the physician suspects fluid in the left lung. which specific projection should be used to confirm this diagnosis?

left lateral decubitus

first portion of the small intestine is called the

duodenum

a notch or depression located on the superior portion of the sternum

jugular notch

the double walled membrane lining the abdominal cavity is called the

peritoneum

at the junction of the small and large intestine is the

ileocecal valve

which structure connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall?

mesentary

which of the four quadrants is the cecum found in?

RLQ

which of the four quadrants is the liver found in?

RUQ

which of the four quadrants is the spleen found in?

LUQ

which of the four quadrants is the stomach found in?

LUQ

which of the four quadrants is the right colic flexure found in?

RUQ

which of the four quadrants is the sigmoid colon in?

LLQ

which of the four quadrants is the appendix in?

RLQ

which of the four quadrants is the pancreas in?

LUQ & RUQ

which of the four quadrants is the gallbladder in?

RUQ

which region of the abdomen contains then spleen?

left hypochondriac

is it retro, intra, or infra peritoneal: cecum

infraperitoneum

is it retro, intra, or infra peritoneal: jejunum

intraperitoneum

is it retro, intra, or infra peritoneal: ascending colon

retroperitoneum

is it retro, intra, or infra peritoneal: liver

intraperitoneum

is it retro, intra, or infra peritoneal: adrenal glands

retroperitoneum

is it retro, intra, or infra peritoneal: ovaries

infraperitoneum

is it retro, intra, or infra peritoneal: duodenum

retroperitoneum

is it retro, intra, or infra peritoneal: urinary bladder

infraperitoneum

is it retro, intra, or infra peritoneal: panreas

retroperitoneum

xiphoid process corresponds with which vertebral leve?

T9-T10

to identify the inferior margin of the abdomen, technologists can palpate the symphysis pubis or the ___.

greater trochanter

an important anatomic landmark that is commonly used to locate the center of the abdomen is the ____.

iliac crest

which of the following factors best controls the involuntary motion of a young, pediatric patient during abdominal radiography?

short exposure time

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is called ____.

ascites

another term describing a non-mechanical bowel obstruction is:

paralytic ileus

the telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop is called:

intussusception

a chronic disease involving inflammation of the large intestine is:

ulcerative colitis

free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity is:

pneumoperitoneum

free air in the intra-abdominal cavity rises to the level of the ____ in a patient who is in the erect position.

diaphragm

which of the following conditions is demonstrated radiographically as general abdominal haziness?

ascites

which of the following conditions is demonstrated radiographically as distended, air filled loops of the small bowel?

ileus

which set of exposure factors are ideal for abdominal radiography (for a sthenic adult).

78 kVp, grid, 72-inch SID

a radiograph of an AP projection of the abdomen shows that the right iliac wing is wider than the left. what type of positioning error was involved?

rotation toward the right

most abdominal projections are taken on ___.

expiration

a KUB radiograph on a large hypersthenic patient shows that the entire abdomen is not included on the 14×17-inch recommended field size. what can be done to correct this on the repeat radiograph?

use two image receptors placed in the landscape orientation

what is the minimum amount of time a patient should be upright before taking a projection to demonstrate intra-abdominal free air?

5 minutes

if the PA chest projections is not performed for the acute abdomen series, centering for the erect abdomen projection must include the:

diaphragm

which specific decubitus position of the abdomen should be used in an acute abdomen series if the patient cannot stand?

left lateral decubitis

a patient with possible ileus enters the ER. the physician orders an acute abdomen series. the patient can stand. which specific position best demonstrates air/fluid levels in the abdomen?

AP erect abdomen

a patient with a possible perforated bowel caused by trauma enters the ER. the patient is unable to stand. which projection best demonstrates any possible free air within the abdomen?

left lateral decubitus

a pt with a clinical history of a possible umbilical hernia comes into the radiology department. the KUB is inconclusive. which additional projection can be undertaken to help confirm the diagnosis?

dorsal decubitus

a pt comes to the radiology department with a clinical history of a pneumoperitoneum. the pt is able to stand. which projections demonstrates this condition?

AP erect abdomen

a pt comes to the radiology department with a clinical history of a ascites. the pt is unable to stand or sit erect. which projection best demonstrates this condition?

left lateral decubitus

a pt comes into the ER with possible gallstones. the pt is in severe pain. which imaging modality or projections provides the quickest method for confirming the presence of gallstones?

DMS ( )

a pr comes into the ER with a history of Chrohn disease. an acute abdomen series is ordered on this pt. what is the reason for this order?

identify current status of intestinal inflammation

which alternative imaging modalities is most effectively used to evaluate GI motility and reflux?

nuclear medicine

which technical factors are essential when using digital imaging to ensure a high quality image is produced?

close collimation

identify A

iliac crest

identify B

L4 lumbar spine

identify C

psoas muscles

identify D

coccyx

identify E

symphysis pubis

identify F

obturator foramen

which carpal articulates with the base of the thumb?

trapezium

which two carpal bones are located most anteriorly as seen on a lateral wrist radiograph?

scaphoid and trapezium

which bone of the upper limb contains the coronoid process?

ulna

where are the coronoid and radial fossae located?

anterior aspect of distal humerus

which two bony landmarks are palpated to assist with positioning of the upper limb?

lateral and medial epicondyles

where is the coronoid tubercle loacted?

medial aspect of coronoid process

in an erect anatomic position, which of the following structures is considered most inferior or distal?

head of ulna

what type of joint is the intercarpal joints

plane

what type of joint is the radiocarpal joint

ellipsoidal

what type of joint is the elbow joint

ginglymus

what type of joint is the first carpometacarpal joint

saddle

what type of joint is the third carpometacarpal joint

plane

true or false: to visualize fat pads surrounding the elbow exposure factors must be adjusted to see both bony and soft tissue structures

true

true or false: anterior and posterior fat pads of the elbow are best seem on correctly positioned and correctly exposed AP elbow projections

true

why should a forearm never be taken as a PA projection?

too painful for the patient

in what position should the hand be for an AP elbow projection?

supinated (palm up)

in what position the hand be for an AP medial rotation oblique elbow position?

pronated

true or false: placing multiple images on the same digital IP is recommended as long as close collimation is applied for each projection

false

the long axis of the anatomic part being imaged should be placed:

parallel to the long axis of the IR

arthrography is a radiographic study of:

epiphyses of long bones

where is the central ray centered for a bilateral PA stress projection (Clenched PA) of the wrist?

midpoint between both carpal regions

accumulated fluid within the joint cavity

joint effusion

a reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue

osteoporosis

local or generalized infection of bone or bone marrow

osteomyelitis

reverse of a colles fracture

smith fracture

inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs enclosing the joints

bursitis

fracture if the base of the first metacarpal

bennett fracture

speain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligament

skier’s thumb