motor dev test 2

what is down syndrome also called?

called trisomy 21 due to 3 copies of the 21st chromosome

what are the three main motor delay characteristics for down syndrome?

1) delays in the emergence and inhibition of primitive and postural reflexes, 2) hypotonia (hypotonia) and hypereflexia (high, fast reflexes), 3) substantial delays in the attainment of motor milestones

how many chromosomes are in down syndrome?

47

how should you think about treating down syndrome?

focus on strengthening the muscles via OT and PT, finding ways to modify the development learning process

most minor spina bifida and what it is

spina bifida occulta, opened posterior vertebral body

second type of spina bifida and what it is

meningocele, protrusion of the meninges

most severe type of spina bifida and what it is

myelomingocele, protrusion and opened spinal cord

zygotic period

conception to 1st week, and fertilized egg and remains unchanged in size

embryonic period

2nd week to 2nd month, formation of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm

early fetal period

3rd to 6th month, rapid growth, gender differentiation emerges, organs develop, reflex actions

later fetal period

7th to 9th month, triples in weight, adipose tissue forms, filling out in preparation for birth

neonatal period

birth to 4 weeks, head accounts for the majority of the weight, later development severely impacted by hinderances here

early infancy

4 weeks to 1 year, length increases to around 30 inches, substantial increase in subcutaneous tissue

later infancy

1 to 2 years, the greatest growth begins to accord in the distal portions of the limbs

infants think and use BLANK as a purposeful, though initially imprecise, way of gaining BLANK about their BLANK

movement; information; environments

infant movements of stability

control of head, control of trunk, sitting, standing

define stability

work against gravity to maintain upright sitting and standing

infant movements of locomotion

horizontal movements (crawling, creeping, scooting, walking on all fours), upright gait

define locomotion

basic abilities to move through the environment

infant movements of manipulation

reaching, grasping, grabbing

define manipulation

rudimentary abilities to reach, grasp, and release objects

people BLANK in order to experience BLANK and move in order to experience BLANK

perceive; movement; perception

name the 10 primitive reflexes

moro, startle, search, sucking, palmar-mental, palmar-manibular, palmar grasping, babinski, plantar grasp, tonic neck

moro reflex time

0-6 months

startle reflex time

7-10 months

search reflex time

0-11 months

sucking reflex time

0-3 months

palmar-mental reflex time

0-2 months

palmar-mandibular reflex time

0-3 months

palmar grasping reflex time

0-4 months

Babinski reflex time

0-3 months

plantar grasp reflex time

4-12 months

tonic neck reflex time

0-6 months

name the 9 postural reflexes

labyrinthine righting, optical righting, pull-up, parachute/propping, neck righting, body righting, crawling, stepping, swimming

labyrinthine righting reflex time

2-6 months

optical righting reflex time

6-12 months

pull-up reflex time

3-12 months

parachute/propping reflex time

4-12 months

neck righting reflex time

0-6 months

body righting reflex time

6-12 months

crawling reflex time

0-3 months

stepping reflex time

0-4 months

swimming reflex time

0-4 months