8.1- Emotional and Personality Development

conscience

an internal regulation of standards of right and wrong that involves integrating moral thought

self-understanding

the representation of self, the substance and content of self conceptions

moral development

thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people

heteronomous morality

(4 to 7 years) children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world, removed from the control of people

autonomous morality

(10 years or older) children become aware that rules and laws are created by people

immanent justice

the concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will happen immediately

gender

the mosaic of categories related to femininity or masculinity based on social and cultural norms

gender roles

sets of expectations that prescribe how men/boys and women/girls should think, act, and feel

gender typing

the acquisition of traditional masculine or feminine roles

social role theory

states that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of women and men

psychoanalytic theory of gender

(Freud) the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the other-gender parent

social cognitive theory of gender

children’s gender development occurs through observing and imitating what other people say and do, and through being rewarded and punished for “gender-appropriate” behavior

gender schema theory

states that gender typing emerges as children gradually develop gender schemas of what is gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate in their culture