Chapter 8 - Terms

What bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?

Bones of the upper and lower limbs, pectoral girdles, and pelvic girdles (126 total bones)

Why is the pectoral girdle an incomplete girdle?

It does not encircle the body completely, only the clavicles articulate with the axial skeleton, and the glenoid fossa is shallow

Why is the pelvic girdle a complete girdle?

The acetabulum is deep and holds the head of the femur, making it more stable

Name the three pectoral girdle joints.

Sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, and glenohumeral joint

Describe what bones are connected at the sternoclavicular joint.

Sternum and clavicle

Describe what bones are connected at the acromioclavicular joint.

Acromion (scapula) and clavicle

Describe what bones are connected at the glenohumeral joint.

Glenoid fossa (scapula) and humerus

Name the ends of the clavicle.

Sternal end and acromial end

Describe what bone articulates at the sternal end of the clavicle.

Sternum

Describe what bone articulates at the acromial end of the clavicle.

Acromion of the scapula

What is the most commonly fractured bone?

Clavicle

Name the three scapula structures in red boxes on Slide #6.

Glenoid fossa, acromion, and coracoid process

Indicate which structure the humerus articulates against.

Glenoid fossa

Indicate which structure the clavicle articulates against.

Acromion

Indicate which structure is primarily an attachment site for muscles.

Coracoid process (attachment for biceps brachii & pectoralis minor)

Describe how the humerus articulates at the elbow joint.

Articulates with the radius and ulna

Describe how the radius and ulna articulate at the elbow joint.

Head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna

What is the small process you can feel at the distal medial portion of your wrist?

Styloid process of the ulna

What is the small process you can feel at the distal lateral portion of your wrist?

Styloid process of the radius

Name the bones of the wrist.

Carpus / 8 carpals (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate)

Name the bones of the palm.

Metacarpals

Name the bones of the fingers.

Phalanges

Name the bones of the ankle.

Tarsus / 7 tarsals (includes calcaneus and talus)

What is the function of the calcaneus?

Heel bone; insertion site for the calcaneal/Achilles tendon

What is the function of the talus?

Articulates with tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint

Name the bones of the foot.

Metatarsus / 5 metatarsals

Name the bones of the toes.

14 phalanges

What major bones make up the pelvis?

Coxal bones, sacrum, and coccyx

What are the three bones of the coxal bone (os coxa)?

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

What is the false pelvis?

The upper region of the pelvis

What is the true pelvis?

The lower region surrounding the pelvic cavity

Describe the female pelvis characteristics compared to the male pelvis.

Broader and wider

Describe the male pelvis characteristics compared to the female pelvis.

Narrower and heavier

What is the longest and strongest bone in the body?

Femur

What structure does the femur articulate against on the proximal end?

Acetabulum

What structures does the femur articulate against on the distal end?

Tibia and patella

Describe the functions of the patella.

Protects knee anteriorly and improves quadriceps leverage across the knee

What bones do the tibia and fibula articulate against at the proximal end?

Only tibia articulates with femur (fibula articulates with tibia)

What bones do the tibia and fibula articulate against at the distal end?

Both articulate with talus

Which bone contains the lateral malleolus?

Fibula

Which bone contains the medial malleolus?

Tibia

What inserts on the tibial tuberosity?

Quadriceps muscles via the patellar tendon