Unit 5: Continuity and Change in Europe (Medieval to Reformation)

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering Unit 5: Continuity and Change in Europe, including Medieval Europe, the Byzantine Empire, the Crusades, the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, SPICE framework analysis, and test format specifications.

SPICE

A historical analysis framework used to categorize causes and impacts across five areas: Social, Political, Interaction with Environment, Cultural, and Economic.

Focus Question 1

"What ideas emerged from Medieval Europe, and how did these ideas impact European culture?"

Focus Question 2

"What were the causes and effects of the Crusades?"

Focus Question 3

"What ideas emerged from the Renaissance, and how did these ideas impact European culture?"

Focus Question 4

"What were the causes and effects of the Reformation?"

Medieval Manor

An agricultural community shown in Section 10.4 & 11.1 featuring a manor house, serf's houses, a barn, a workshop, a water mill, a church, pastures, and a three-field farming system.

Richard the Lionhearted and Saladin

Opposing historical leaders in Section 11.2 on The Crusades, pictured as the Christian King of England with a crown and scepter, and the Muslim military leader with a turban and beard.

The School of Athens

A Renaissance fresco by Raphael depicting classical Greek philosophers in an architectural hall, demonstrating Renaissance humanism and linear perspective.

Martin Luther

The central leader of the Protestant Reformation in Sections 15.1, 15.2, and 15.3, depicted in scholarly clerical dress and noted for posting the 95 Theses.

Protestant Reformation Confessional Map

A map illustrating the confessional divisions of Europe during the Reformation into Catholic, Orthodox, Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, and Islamic regions, with mixed confessional areas and the Holy Roman Empire boundary.

The Crusades, 1096–1204

A series of military campaigns between Christian lands and Muslim lands depicted across four expeditions (1096–1099, 1147–1149, 1189–1191, and 1202–1204) targeting the eastern Mediterranean and Jerusalem.

First Crusade (1096–1099)

The opening military expedition of the Crusades mapped across Europe, moving through Constantinople and Antioch down to Jerusalem.

Third Crusade (1189–1191)

The crusade expedition mapped following maritime and overland routes from Marseille and Lisbon through Sicily and Cyprus to Acre and Jerusalem.

Crusader Kingdoms

Four regional kingdoms established in the Levant by European crusaders as shown on the Crusades map: Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and Jerusalem.

patron (the Medici family)

A financial backer of Renaissance art and scholarship, explicitly associated in Sections 14.1, 14.2, & 14.3 with the Medici family.

Gutenberg

The historical figure linked to the printing press in the Renaissance & Northern Renaissance vocabulary list (Sections 14.1, 14.2, & 14.3).

Focus Question Paragraph Writing

A four to six sentence assessment paragraph answering how the Middle Ages, Renaissance, or Protestant Reformation changed Europe, requiring a claim identifying one SPICE impact, two pieces of evidence, and supporting reasoning.

Paragraph Claim Template

The structured sentence frame: "The [insert time period] had an important [insert SPICE category] impact on Europe by [specific change]".

Helpful action words

A specific list of verbs provided for writing claims: unifying, creating, spreading, building, improving, protecting, controlling, encouraging, and increasing.

Helpful reasoning words

A specific list of explanatory verbs provided for paragraph analysis: helped, changed, strengthened, influenced, improved, allowed, and caused.

Unit 5 Test: Terms Section

A test section consisting of approximately 20 multiple choice questions and approximately 5 matching questions based on the Unit 5 Assignment Sheet terms and focus questions.

Unit 5 Test: Skills Section

A test section consisting of about 10 multiple choice questions evaluating primary source reading, map analysis, and chart analysis.

Unit 5 Assignment Sheet

The primary course document designated as the student's true study guide for the Unit 5 test.

Unit 5 Late Homework Policy

A course policy stating that all late homework is due on the test date and will not be accepted after that date.

Medieval Europe 10.4 & 11.1

The curriculum unit section encompassing Middle Ages, feudalism, manorialism, Roman Catholic Church, Black Plague/Death, chivalry, Gothic architecture, Magna Carta, Hundred Years War, and Treaty of Westphalia.

The Byzantine Empire 10.1

The curriculum unit section covering Constantinople, Constantine, Justinian, Justinian Code, Hagia Sophia, The Great Schism, and the (Eastern) Orthodox Church.

Reformation 15.1, 15.2, 15.3

The curriculum unit section covering Martin Luther, excommunication, indulgence, 95 Theses, Protestant, Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, St. Ignatius of Loyola, Catholic Reformation, and Inquisition.