Midterm Practice Test

Which of the following solid organs is the largest found in the abdomen?

• Liver

• Spleen

• Pancreas

• Kidneys

Liver

Which of the following conditions can produce a mechanical bowel obstruction?

• Crohns Disease

• Intussusception

• All of these conditions can produce a mechanical bowel obstruction

• Fibrous Adhesions

All of these conditions can produce a mechanical bowel obstruction

In which type of body habitus would the kidney's be located lowest in the abdomen and closest to the midline?

• Sthenic

• Asthenic

• Hypersthenic

• Hyposthenic

Asthenic

Which of the following structures are located in the LUQ?

1. Stomach

2. Spleen

3. Cecum

• 1, 2, and 3

• 1 only

• 2 only

• 1 and 2 only

1 and 2 only

Which of the following structures is (are) located in the RLQ?

1. Gallbladder

2. Hepatic Flexure

3. Cecum

• 1 only

• 3 only

• 1 and 2 only

• 1, 2 and 3

3 only

A three-way or acute abdominal series includes the following:

• Supine, Decubitus, Upright

• Supine, Upright, PA Chest

• PA Chest, Decubitus, Upright

• PA Chest, Lateral Chest, Upright

Supine, Upright, PA Chest

The spleen is located in which of the following areas:

• Retroperitoneal

• Intraperitoneal

• Suprapetitoneal

• Infraperitoneal

Intraperitoneal

The technologist must _____ manual exposure factors for a patient withn severe ascites.

• Decrease

• Increase

• Switch to automatic exposure control

• Not change

Increase

Bowel obstruction caused by a lack of intestinal peristalsis

• Paralytic Ileus

• Intussusception

• Ascites

• Volvulus

Paralytic Ileus

Which of the following structures helps stabalize and support the small intestine?

• Mesentery

• Peritoneum

• Viscera

• Omentum

Mesentery

The kidneys lie in the _____ space.

• Peritoneal

• Pelvic

• Pleural

• Retroperitoneal

Retroperitoneal

At what level should the CR be placed for an AP lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen?

• Umbilicus

• Illiac crest

• 1-2 inches above iliac crest

• ASIS

1-2 Inches above illiac crest

Which of the following factors must be observed for an AP erect abdomen projection?

• Patient needs to be upright a minimum of 5 min prior to imaging

• Use a higher kV technique

• Collimate lower border to level of ASIS

• Increase SID to 72 inches (180 cm) to minimize magnification

Patient needs to be upright for a minimum of 5 minutes prior to imaging

The curved portion of the colon between the rectum and descending colon is the

• Appendix

• Left colic flexure

• Cecum

• Sigmoid

Sigmoid

A patient who has a stomach and gallbladder in a higher than normal position would be referred to as being

• Asthenic

• Hypersthenic

• Hyposthenic

• Sthenic

Hypersthenic

Which aspect of the small intestine is considered the shortest?

• Jejunum

• Duodenum

• Illeum

• Cecum

Duodenum

The veriform apendix is a small, blind pouch which extends from the inferior surface of the

• Cecum

• Duodenum

• Rectum

• Jejunum

Cecum

The illiac crest corresponds with the _____ vertebral level

• L1

• T12

• L2-3

• L4-5

L4-5

The abdomen is divided into nine regions. The illeocecal valve is normally located in the lower-right region called the

• Right Hypochondriac

• Right illiac

• Right lumbar

• Hypogastric

Right Illiac

The spread of a malignant tumor cells form the primary tumor to another tissue(s) in the body

• Metastasis

• Neoplasm

• Invasion

• Hyperplasia

Metastasis

Why is the right kidney usually lower than the left?

• Presence of the liver

• Presence of the right colic flexure

• Presence of the stomach

• Presence of the right suprarenal gland

Presence of the liver

What is the correct name for the abdominal region found directly in the middle of the abdomen?

• Epigastric

• Pubic

• Inguinal

• Umbilical

Umbilical

What is the name of the double-walled tissue that lines the abdominopelvic cavity?

• Omentum

• Peritoneum

• Mesentery

• Viscera

Peritoneum

To demonstrate a pnuemoperitoneum in the abdomen of a patient who is unable to be put in an erect position, which of the following positions might you use?

• Supine

• Trendelenburg

• Transthoracic

• Lateral Decubitus

Lateral Decubitus

Which of the following organs is not considered an accessory organ for digestion?

• Gallbladder

• Liver

• Pancreas

• Spleen

Spleen

Free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity

• Pnuemoperitoneum

• UIcerative colitis

• Crohn’s disease

• Ascites

Pnuemoperitoneum

Why is the left lateral decubitus preffered over the right lateral decubitus abdomen for an acute abdomen series?

• The gastric bubble will be trapped down, and any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the spleen

• The gastric bubble will be trapped down, and any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the lower liver margin

• It is more comfortable for the patient

• It allows any gas in the large intestine to move toward the liver

The gastric bubble will be trapped down, and any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the lower liver margin

The prominent protuberance found on the anterior aspect of the illeum is the:

• Symphasis pubis

• Iliac crest

• Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

• Ischial tuberosity

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

The most important anatomic landmark that is commonly used to locate the center of the abdomen is the:

• Greater trochanter

• Iliac crest

• Ischial Tuberosity

• ASIS

Iliac crest

Which of the following muscles must be seen on a well-exposed abdomen projection?

• Erector spinae

• Latissimus dorsi

• Quadratus lumborum

• Psoas major

Psoas major

The majority of the orgasns in the gastrointestinal tract are contained within the:

• Plueral Cavity

• Mesnetery

• Omentum

• Peritoneum

Peritoneum

The greater omentum extendeds from the transverse colon to the

• Inferior margin of liver

• Duodenum

• Posterior abdominal wall

• Greater curvature of the stomach

Greater curvature of the stomach

The abnormal twisting of a loop of intestine around itself can lead to an abnormal condition called (a/an):

• Volvulus

• Imperforate colon

• Ileitis

• Thrombosis

Volvulus

In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the cecum be found

• Right lower quadrant

• Right upper quadrant

• Left upper quadrant

• Left lower quadrant

Right lower quadrant

Which of the following structures is part of the lymphatic system?

• Supradrenal glands

• Kidneys

• Spleen

• Inferior vena cava

Spleen

To ensure that the diaphragm is included on the erect abdomen projection, the top of the image receptor should be placed at the level of the:

• Xiphoid process

• Jugular notch

• Axilla

• Inferior costal margin

Axilla

In which of the 4 major quadrants of the abdomen would the gallbladder be found?

• Right lower quadrant

• Left upper quadrant

• Left lower quadrant

• Right upper quadrant

Right upper quadrant

The telescoping of one part of the bowel into another is termed:

• Varices

• Intussusception

• Herniation

• Atresia

Intussusception

The stomach of an asthenic patient is most likely to be located:

• Low, vertical, and toward the midline

• High, transverse and lateral

• Low, transverse and lateral

• High, vertical, and toward the midline

Low, vertical, and toward the midline

Positioning for the erect abdomen projection must include the:

• Diaphragm

• Entire kidneys

• Bladder

• Inferior liver margin

Diaphragm

What is another common term for the greater omentum?

• Mesentery

• Adipose Layer

• Peritoneum

• Fatty Apron

Fatty Apron

The general term decribing a nonmechanical bowel obstruction is:

• Ileus

• Pnuemoperitoneum

• Ascites

• Intussusception

Ileus

The greater trochanter lies at the same level as which other palpable bony landmark?

• Coccyx

• Symphasis pubis

• Obturator foramen

• Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Symphasis pubis

An abnormal collection of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity is termed:

• Ascites

• Varices

• Dehydration

• Peritonities

Ascites

Is the jejunum intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal?

intraperitoneal

Is the transverse colon intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal?

intraperitoneal

Are the major abdominal blood vessels (abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava) intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal?

Retroperitoneal

Is the urinary bladder intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal?

Infraperitoneal

Are the acending and decending colon intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal?

retroperitoneal

Is the pancreas intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal?

retroperitoneal

A patient is erect with the left side directly against the image receptor.  The central ray (CR) enters the right side of the body.  What is the radiographic position?

• Left Lateral

• Left Lateral Decubitus 

• Dorsal Decubitus

• Right Lateral

• Left Lateral

An upright position with the arms abducted, palms forward, and head forward describes the: 

• Anatomic position

• Oblique position

• Anteroposterior position

• Decubitus position

• Anatomic position

A dorsoplantar projection would be a radiographic study of:

• Foot

• Skull

• Hand

• Any anatomic region

• Foot

The patient is lying on her right side on a cart.  The anterior surface of the patient is against the image receptor.  A horizontal central ray enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior surface of the body.  What specific position has been performed?

• Right lateral decubitus

• PA

• AP

• Left lateral decubitus

Right lateral decubitus

The extremely slender body habitus is termed

• Asthenic

• Sthenic

• Hyposthenic

• Hypersthenic

Asthenic

A patient is erect facing the image receptor.  The left side of the body is turned 45 degrees toward the image receptor.  The CR enters the posterior aspect of the body and exits the anterior.  What is the radiographic position?

• LAO

• Posteroanterior

• Left Lateral

• LPO

LAO

Which term describes lying down in any position?

• Recumbent

• Horizontal

• Fowler's

• Anatomic

Recumbent

The vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves describes the:

• Median or midsagittal plane

• Longitudinal plane

• Coronal plane

• Horizontal plane

Median or midsagittal plane

The radiographic term projection is defined as

• Path or direction of the central ray

• General position of the patient

• Computer-assisted image

• Radiographic image as seen from the vantage of the image receptor

Path or direction of the central ray

Which term describes the back or posterior aspect of the hand?

• Dorsum manus

• Volar

• Palmar

• Dorsum pedis

Dorsum manus

What type of projection is created with the CR directed along the long axis of the body? 

• Axial

• Tangential

• Lordotic

• Transthoracic

Axial

A patient is lying on her back facing the x-ray tube.  The right side of her body is turned 20 degrees toward the image receptor.  What is this radiographic position? 

• RPO

• LAO

• LPO

• RAO

RPO

A patient is lying on her back.  The x-ray tube is horizontally directed with the CR entering the right side of the body.  The image receptor is adjacent to the left side of the body.  What is the radiographic position? 

• Dorsal Decubitus

• Left Lateral Decubitus

• Right Lateral Decubitus

• Left Lateral

Dorsal Decubitus

The opposite term for supination is:

• Pronation

• Protraction

• Adduction

• Retraction

Pronation

A longitudinal plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts is the:

• Midcoronal plane

• Oblique plane

• Horizontal plane

• Midsagittal plane

Midcoronal plane

An inward stress movement of foot

Inversion

Near the source or beginning

Proximal

Position in which the head is higher than the feet

Reverse Trendelenburg

Increasing the angle of a joint

Extension

A CR angle away from the head end

Caudad

Movement of an arm or leg toward the midline

Adduction

Rotation of hand with palm down

Pronation

Position in which the head is lower than the feet

Trendelenburg

Decrease angle between foot and lower leg

Dorsiflexion

Movement of an arm or leg away from the midline

Abduction

An upright position with the arms abducted, palms forward, and head forward describes the ______ position. 

Decubitus

Oblique

Anatomic

Anteroposterior (AP)

Anatomic

Which of the following term describes the sole of the foot?

Palmar

Dorsum

Plantar

Volar

Plantar

A lateromedial projection is one in which the lateral aspect of the anatomy part is closest to the image receptor (IR).

True or False?

False

A position in which the head is lower than the feet is:

Reverse Trendelenburg

Recumbent

Lithotomy

Trendelenburg

Trendelenburg

Moving the foot and toes downward is:

Inversion

Dorsiflexion

Eversion

Plantar flexion

Plantar flexion

Which of the following is NOT one of the evaluation criteria used in the evaluation of images? 

Patient condition

Collimation and CR

Anatomy demonstrated

Exposure criteria

Patient condition

It is common practice to view a PA projection with the patient's left facing the viewer's right. 

True or False?

True

A patient is erect facing the x-ray tube and leaning the shoulders backward 20 to 30 degrees toward the IR.  The central ray is perpendicular to the IR.  What specific position has been performed? 

Axial

Lordotic

Kyphotic

Tangential

Lordotic

The two most common landmarks for chest positioning are the:

Top of shoulders and xiphoid process

Jugular notch and top of shoulders

Jugular notch and vertebra prominens

Lower margin of thyroid cartilage and vertebra prominens

 

Jugular notch and vertebra prominens

The vertebra prominens corresponds to the level of:

C7

C5 

C4-5

T2

C7

What is the name of the structure that serves as a common passageway for both food and air? 

Pharynx

Epiglottis

Larynx

Esophagus

Pharynx

The jugular notch is located on the:

Sternum

Thyroid cartilage

Scapula

Seventh cervical vertebra

 

Thyroid cartilage

What is the correct anatomic name for the Adam's apple? 

Epiglottis

Cricoid cartilage

Sternum

Laryngeal prominence

Laryngeal prominence

What is the name for the structure that serves as a lid over the larynx to prevent aspiration of food or fluid?

Oropharynx

Hyoid bone

Uvula

Epiglottis

Epiglottis

Which of the following structures is considered to be most posterior?

Larynx

Trachea

Hyoid bone

Esophagus

Esophagus

The inner layer of the pleura that encloses the lungs and heart is called the:

Pericardial sac

Pleural cavity

Pulmonary pleura

Parietal pleura

Pulmonary pleura

Air or gas that escapes into the pleural cavity results in a condition known as:

Air bronchogram

Pneumothorax 

Hemothorax

Hemidiaphragm

Pneumothorax

Which of the following structures is NOT considered as a mediastinal structure?

Thymus gland

Trachea

Aorta

Epiglottis

Epiglottis

The laryngeal prominence is a positioning landmark located at the level of:

C3

C5

T1

C7

C5

Part i refers to the:

Larynx

Epiglottis

Laryngeal prominence

Hyoid bone

Epiglottis

Part iii refers to the:

Laryngeal prominence

Thyroid cartilage

Carina

Hyoid bone

Laryngeal prominence

Part iv refers to the:

Carina

Cricoid cartilage

Thyroid cartilage

Laryngeal prominence

Thyroid cartilage

The thymus gland is at its maximum size at:

Puberty

Age 40

Age 21

Birth

Puberty

The heart is located in the anterior chest at the level of:

The arch of the aorta 

T5-8

The thymus gland

T2-5

T5-8

A patient is positioned for a routine PA chest radiograph. After exposing the patient and viewing the image, the technologist notices that the medial end of the left clavicle is farther away from the midline than the right. In other words, there is a wider gap in the left sternoclavicular joint than in the right sternoclavicular joint. What positioning error is present? 

The patient is rotated into a slight RAO

There is no positioning error is present

The patient's shoulders are raised

The patient is rotated into a slight LAO

The patient is rotated into a slight RAO