Respiratory (copy)

What is the main function of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?

Cleans, humidifies, and warms air.

What are the two types of bronchus, and how do they differ?

Right Main Bronchus is straight, allowing easier aspiration into right lung; Left Main Bronchus is curved, reducing aspiration risk.

What is the role of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

Alveoli are air sacs for gas exchange with blood.

How does smoking affect the mucociliary apparatus?

Smoking reduces mucus production and paralyzes cilia, increasing infection risk.

What is the gas exchange mechanism in the alveoli?

Oxygen diffuses into blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into alveoli.

Describe the process of inhalation. What happens?

The diaphragm contracts, creating negative pressure which draws air into the lungs.

What are the symptoms of respiratory illness?

Symptoms include dyspnea, orthopnea, cough, hemoptysis, atelectasis, hypoxia, and hypercapnia.

What is the purpose of antitussives?

Antitussives are used to suppress the cough reflex.

What distinguishes obstructive from restrictive lung disorders?

Obstructive disorders hinder exhalation, while restrictive disorders limit inhalation.

What is pulmonary edema?

Fluid accumulation in alveoli, affecting gas exchange.

What key medications are used for managing asthma?

Bronchodilators and corticosteroids are typical treatments for asthma.

What is the role of central chemoreceptors in breathing?

They respond to CO₂ and pH changes, influencing respiratory rate.

How is pneumonia typically treated?

Pneumonia requires antibiotics and sometimes oxygen therapy.

What is the significance of arterial blood gases (ABGs) in respiratory diagnostics?

ABGs measure pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels to assess respiratory function.

What are common symptoms of COPD?

Common symptoms of COPD include chronic cough, sputum production, and dyspnea.

What is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

ARDS is a severe lung injury leading to hypoxemia, often due to infection or trauma.

What are the primary goals of patient education regarding respiratory disorders?

Smoking cessation, understanding medications, recognizing symptoms early, and initiating treatment.