Homeostasis + The Cell

The skeletal system houses bone marrow which produce red blood cells, how does this contribute to homeostasis

Ensures a constant availability of oxygen to the cells in the body

What cell organelle is responsible for the breakdown of cellular and extracellular debris?

Lysosomes

Which cell membrane lipid is responsible for maintaining the structural integrity of the cell membrane?

Cholesterol

Sodium concentration is higher in the Extracellular fluid compared to the Intracellular fluid.

True or False

True

For cells in the body to survive, they need

A constant pH, temp, + electrolyte concentration

What term is given to the transport mechanism that involves membrane bound vesicles in the cytoplasm fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell?

Exocytosis

In human physiology the internal environment is considered to be:

The fluid environment inside our body but outside our cells

What are the sensors in the body that detect any changes to the interanal environment

Receptors

As well as obtaining oxygen from the external environment and eliminating carbon dioxide to the external environment, the respiratory system is also involved in:

Regulating blood PH

What is the term given when two one-way fluxes are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction

Diffusion Equilibrium

What is the basic structural + functional unit of living organisms?

Cell

What does the ECF NOT contain high levels of?

Potassium

The higher the temperature the greater the speed of molecular movement and the greater the net flux across membrane.

True or False

True

Which cell membrane lipid is responsible for facilitating cell to cell interactions

Glycolipids

Which system maintains the correct nutrient balance in the body?

Digestive System

What lipid is NOT found in the plasma membrane?

triglycerides

What lipids are found in the plasma membrane?

Phospholipids, Cholesterol + Glycolipids

What is an example of non-polar lipid soluble molecules that can passively pass through the cell membrane through simple diffusion?

O2 and CO2

What is plasma?

The fluid portion of blood

What proportion of a typical male body is fluid?

60%

What is typical resting membrane potential?

-70mV

Define homeostasis

The tendency to resist change in order to maintain a constant internal environment

How does the muscular system contribute to homeostasis?

Generates heat to regulate body temperature

For the Sodium-Potassium pump, for each ATP that is used, 3 sodium are moved into the cell and 2 potassium are moved out of the cell. True or false

False

Large molecules have a greater mass and lower speed than smaller molecules and thus have a smaller net flux across the membrane. True or False

True

The ICF and ECF contain equal amounts of cations and anions, they are electrically neutral. True or False

False

Secondary active transport across a membrane directly uses ATP. True or False

False

What is the name given to the channel when there is a change in the membrane potential which then alters the shape of the channel causing it to open?

Voltage Gated

For the Sodium-Potassium pump, for each ATP that is used, how are sodium and potassium moved across the membrane?

3 sodium are moved out of the cell and 2 potassium are moved into the cell.

There is a separation of charge across the membrane. Which of the below has a slight excess of cations and more positively charged?

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

What does the Intracellular fluid NOT contain high levels of?

Sodium

What is the name given to the channel when stretching of the membrane may affect the shape of the channel causing it to open?

Mechanosensitive

What is the name given to temperature-sensitive receptors in the body?

Thermoreceptors

Which of the following DOES NOT control the opening and closing of a protein channel in the plasma membrane?

Chemosensitive

Potassium inside the cell is higher than outside the cell. True or False

True

The magnitude of the chemical driving force decreases as the concentration gradient increases across the cell membrane. True or False

False

Which cell membrane lipid is responsible for providing a barrier to the passage of water-soluble substances within the ICF and ECF?

Phospholipids

After water, what is the most important substance in most cells?

Protein

Reasons for the urinary system to filter blood

1. To regulate ion concentrations

2. To regulate acidity

3. To regulate blood volume

Is cell membrane permeable?

No

Classes of Endocytosis

1. Pinocytosis

2. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

3. Phagocytosis

What does the ICF contain high levels of?

1. Potassium

2. Phosphate ions

3. Magnesium

There is a separation of charge across the membrane. Does ICF or ECF have a slight excess of cations + more positively charged?

ECF

For the Sodium-Potassium pump, for each ATP that is used, how are sodium + potassium moved across the membrane?

3 sodium are moved out of the cell + 2 potassium are moved into the cell