Ch.1 Growth and Development Overview

Intro to Nursing Book 2

Growth, how does it occur in the body?

Physiologic increase in size or number of cells, organs, bodies & has a strong genetic nature component

Development

Increase in complexity/maturation of behavior that involves psycho-social & cognitive traits influenced by external forces; genetic

Erik Erikson's stages as CRISES

Emotional & social challenges must be dealt with. It identifies outcomes as either positive or negative.

Erikson's Theory of Crises/Stages

It is essential for individuals to resolve the crisis of each stage before progressing successfully to the next.

Simple to Complex Development

The manner of progression in complexity of movement; we stand before we walk, we walk before we run.

Cephalocaudal Growth

Head to tail, it proceeds from the head down. Very apparent when one considers fetal growth in utero.

Progressive Differentation & Autonomy

Due to expanding human interactions, one becomes more unique. Understand others to understand one self.

Jean Piaget

Growth and development theorist focuses on how we think and solve problems.

Infancy & Adolescence are..

Main stages of growth and development most associated with rapid and diverse changes.

Lawrence Kohlberg

Growth and development theorist focuses on why/how we make moral choices in our behavior.

Nature in G&D

Forces that are genetically inherited.

Nurture in G&D

Forces that evolve with environmental exposure.

In cephalocaudal growth, which would develop last during prenatal development?

Toes

General principle of human growth & development

Development results from the interaction of heredity and environment.

The we interact with our fellow man...

The more unique we become.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Survival, Safety, Security, Self-Esteem, & Self-Actualization

Susceptibility

Being sensitive to developing a certain disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors

Exposure

Refers to a condition of becoming subjected to something such as an infectious agent.

General to Specific Development

The manner of progression in refinement of movement; babies respond with both arms and legs.

Proximodistal

Growth proceeding near to far meaning that it proceeds from the midline to the lateral extremities.

Sequential growth

Progressive and sequential increase in size meaning that growth cannot be reversed or un-done.

Asynchronous growth

Not all parts of our body grow at the same rate and time.

Symmetrical growth

Appearance that is balanced and aligned proportionately to a central axis.

Kohlberg's Theory

Moral choices dependent on ability to process thoughts related to cause/effect or consequences.

Piaget's Theory

Cognitive/abstract thinking, ability to hypothesize futuristic & alternatives , fluid & crystalized intelligence

Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

Based on Sigmeud Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory; major tasks associated with each age grou