Ch 6 Exploring Medical Language

cyst/o, vesicle/o

bladder, sac

glomerul/o

glomerulus

pyel/o

renal pelvis

nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

meat/o

meatus (opening)

albumin/o

albumin

azot/o

urea, nitrogen

blast/o

developing cell, germ cell

glycos/o

sugar

hem/o

blood

lith/o

stones, calculus (calcium?????)

noct/i

night

olig/o

scanty, few

ur/o, urin/o

urine, urinary tract

a-

absence of, without

dys-

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

intra-

within

poly-

many, much

trans-

through, across, beyond

-emia

in the blood

-lith

stones, calculus

-lysis

loosening, dissolution, separating

-pexy

surgical fixation

-ptosis

drooping, sagging, prolapse

-tripsy

surgical crushing

cystolith

stones in the bladder

nephritis

inflammation of the kidney

nephroblastoma

kidney tumor containing developing cells (malignant tumor) (also called Wilms tumor)

nephroptosis

drooping kidney (aka floating kidney)

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

neohromegaly

enlargement of a kidney

acute kidney injury (AKI)

abrupt decline in kidney function that occurs over hours to days and is usually reversible. Causes include trauma, obstruction, adverse drug reactions, or decreased blood flow from dehydration, burns, hemorrhage, and septic shock (also called acute renal failure (ARF))

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function. causes include diabetes, hypertension, and autoimmune disease such as lupus (aka chronic renal failure (CRF)

end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)

condition in which kidneys no longer function on their own. Dialysis or kidney transplantation is necessary for survival (aka end-stage renal disease (ESRD))

hypospadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus sis located on the underside of the penis. Females may also have a form of hypospadias in which the urinary meatus is unusually located

renal hypertension

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

urinary retention

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate; can be acute (AUR) or chronic (CUR)

cystostomy

creation of an artificial opening into the bladder (for urinary drainage) (also called vesicostomy)

neohrectomy

excision of the kidney

nephropexy

surgical fixation of the kidney

pyeloplasty

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

vesicourethral suspension

suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

noninvasive surgical so procedure to crush stones in the kidney or ureter by administration of repeated shock waves. Stone fragments are eliminated from the body in urine (also called shock waves lithotripsy (SWL))

fulguration

destruction of living tissue with an electric spark (a method commonly used to destroy bladder growths)

renal transplant

surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

cytoscope