OSCA PREP

What is Hypercholesterolemia?

It is a condition in which high levels of Cholesterol are found in the blood. LDLs

What can cause T2D?

Non-Modifiable risk factors like Genetics

Modifiable risk factors like excess weight, unhealthy diet and not exercising enough

What is T2D?

It is a condition in which the body cannot use insulin properly. This causes sugar to build up in the blood which causes high blood glucose levels. This is because without insulin the sugar cannot enter our bodies cells

what is check in a GCS assessment?

Eyes open?

Verbal response - full name, DOB, age or location

Motor response

Pupils - size and reaction

Limb movement - strength

What is Tachypnoea and the range?

Tachypnoea is fast respirations over 20 breaths per minute

What is the normal systolic range?

100-140mmHg - millimetres of mercury

Procedure for Hypoglycaemia

RULE OF 15

15 grams of fast acting carbohydrates or 3 scoops of Glycodin and wait 15 minutes. Recheck the BGL if over 4 give slow acting carbohydrates.

If it’s still under 4 give another 15 and get urgent medical attention

What is Hypoglycaemia? The causes and the symptoms?

It is a low blood glucose level of under 4mmol/L

Causes- missed meals, not eating enough carbs for a given dose of insulin

Symptoms- sweating, headache, trembling and dizziness

What is Hyperglycemia? Causes and symptoms

A high BGL over 15mmol/L

Causes- not enough insulin, eating to many carbs

Symptoms- excessive thirst, blurred vision,lethargy

What causes a UTI and what are the symptoms?

Urinary Tract Infection

Bacteria enters the urethra and begins to spread to the bladder.

Symptoms- burning when urinating, an urge to urinate that’s doesn’t go, urinating small frequent amounts, offensive smell, blood in urine

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is an eye disease where vision is lost due to damage of the optic nerve

What is a hemorrhagic stroke and the symptoms?

A hemorrhagic stroke happens when a blood vessel burst or leaks into the brain.

Symptoms-

Thunderclap headache

Vision problems

Face droop

One sided face and body weakness

How can I do a quick neuro assessment?

AVPU

Are they alert?

Do they respond to voice?

Do they respond to pain?

Or are they unresponsive?

What is a CVA?

A Cerebro-Vascular Accident or a Stroke

What is Hypotension?

Low blood pressure

What is Dyspnoea?

Difficulty breathing

What is a normal BGL level without Diabetes?

4-7.8mmol/L

What is Hypothermia and the range?

A low body temperature under 35°

How do you do a respiratory assessment?

Rate - bpm

Rhythm - regular? Irregular?

Depth - is it deep or shallow?

Effort

Symmetry - bilateral chest movements?

Sound - wheeze? Crackles?

What is Hypoxaemia?

Low arterial oxygen

What is Bradypnoea and the range?

Low respirations under 12 bpm

What is tachycardia and the range?

It is a fast heart rate over 100bpm

What is the normal respiration rate?

12-20bpm

What is ISBAR and what does it mean

It’s used for clinical hand over

Identify - who am I and who is the patient

Situation - what has happened

Background - medical history and medication

Assessment - vitals or what I’ve done

Recommendation - what needs to happen

What is an Ischaemic stroke and the symptoms?

A blood clot blocks an artery that supplies blood to the brain.

Symptoms

Hemiplegia - loss of movement on 1 side

Slurred speech

Confusion

Trouble speaking

Vision problems

What is Alzheimers?

It is a type of dementia that affects memory, thinking and behaviour

What is the range for Hypoglycaemia?

Below 4mmol/L

Where do you take a core temperature?

Tympanic (ear)

Where can you take a surface temperature?

Oral

Axillary (armpit)

What is Hyperthermia and the range?

A high body temperature over 40°

What is a normal temperature range?

36°-37.5°

What is Hypertension?

A high blood pressure

Normal pulse rate range?

60-100bpm

What is Orthopnoea?

Difficultly breathing while laying flat

How do you do a neurovascular assessment

5 Ps

Pulse

Pallor

Paralysis

Parethesia

Pain

What is Hypoxia

Low oxygen in the tissue

What is bradycardia and the range?

A low heart rate under 60bpm

Normal O2 stats?

95-100%

What is Febrile and the range?

It is a fever and a temperature over 37.5° but under 40°

BGL after meals with Diabetes?

5-10mmol/L 2 hours after a meal

BGL with Diabetes

4-7 mmol/L

Normal Diastolic range?

60-90mmHg

What does Asystole mean?

No heart beat/pulse

How do you do a pain assessment?

PQRSTU

P- Provoking - What triggers it?

Q - Quality- What is the type of pain?

R - Region/Radiate - where is it and does it radiate?

S - Severity - Scale 0-10

T - Time - When did it start? How long have you had it?

U - Understanding - what have you tried to alleviate it? What do you understand of it?

What Acronym can I use for progress notes?

PIE

P - what was the problem?

I - Intervention? what did I do?

E - Evaluate- what was the outcome

What is QID

4 times a day

What does BD mean?

Twice a day - 12 hourly

Left sided stroke symptoms

Right sided weakness

language difficulty

May be slow or cautious

May have difficulty reading and writing

Right sided stroke

Left sided weakness

Spacial awareness difficulty

May be impulsive