science

Mixture

A physical combination of two or more distinct substances that are not chemically bonded and retain their individual properties.

Homogeneous mixture

A combination with uniform composition and properties throughout, where the components are evenly distributed and visually indistinguishable.

Heterogeneous mixture

A combination with non-uniform composition containing visibly distinct phases or separated substances.

Solution

A uniform blend formed when one substance dissolves completely into another.

Solute

The substance that is dissolved, typically present in the smaller amount.

Solvent

The liquid or substance in which another material dissolves, typically present in the greater amount.

Simple distillation

A physical separation technique used to separate a liquid from a dissolved solid or separate liquids with widely different boiling points through boiling and cooling.

Condenser

A laboratory apparatus with a cold water jacket that cools hot vapor back into liquid form.

Distillate

The purified liquid collected after vaporizing and cooling in a collection container.

Filtration

A separation technique that uses a porous barrier to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.

Filtrate

The clear liquid that has passed through a porous filter paper or barrier.

Residue

The solid matter remaining trapped on the filter paper or barrier after a liquid has passed through.

Sediment

Insoluble solid particles that sink and settle at the bottom of a liquid mixture under the influence of gravity.