male reproductive system

andr/o

male

balan/o

glans penis

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

testis, testicle

epididym/o

epididymis

prostat/o

prostate gland

sperm/o, spermat/ol

sperm, spermatozoon

vas/o

vessel, duct (vas deferens)

vesicul/o

seminal vesicle(s)

cyst/o

bladder, sac

crypt/o

hidden

lith/o

stones, calculus

olig/o

scanty, few

a-, an-

absence of, without

hyper-

above, excessive

-algia

pain

-ia

diseased state, condition of

-ic

pertaining to

-ism

state of

-itis

inflammation

-plasia

condition of formation, development, growth

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhea

flow, discharge

andropathy

disease of the male (specific to the male, such as orchitis)

anorchism

state of absence of testis

balanitis

inflammation of the glans penis

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland; causes narrowing of the urethra)

cryptorchidism

state of hidden testis

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis

prostatocystitis

inflammation of the prostate gland and the (urinary) bladder

prostatolith

stone(s) in the prostate gland

prostatorrhea

discharge from the prostate gland

erectile dysfunction

inability to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formerly called impotence)

hydrocele

fluid-filled sac around the testicle; causes scrotal swelling

infertility

reduced or absent ability to achieve pregnancy; generally defined after one year of frequent, unprotected sexual intercourse; may relate to male or female

phimosis

tightness of the prepuce (foreskin) that prevents its retraction over the gland penis; it may be congenital or a result of balanitis. Circumcision is the usual treatment

priapism

persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness

prostate cancer

cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring in men middle-aged or older

spermatocele

dissension of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst-like collection of fluid and sperm cells; may cause scrotal swelling

testicular torsion

twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and often presents with a sudden onset of severe testicular or scrotal pain. because of a lack of blood flow to the testis, it is considered a surgical emergency

variocele

enlarged veins of the spermatic cord; may cause scrotal swelling

balanoplasty

surgical repair of the glans penis

orchiopexy

surgical fixation of the testicle

prostatectomy

excision of the prostate gland (simple and radical)

vasovasostomy

creation of artificial openings between ducts (the severed ends of the vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)

ablation

destruction of abnormal or excessive tissue by melting, vaporizing, or eroding

circumcision

surgical removal of the prepuse (foreskin); all or part of the foreskin may be removed

enucleation

excision of a whole organ or mass without cutting into it

hydrocelectomy

surgical removal of a fluid-filled sac around the testicle causing scrotal swelling (hydrocele)

laser surgery

use of a focused beam to accuse or vaporize abnormal tissue and to control bleeding; uses a variety of noninvasive and minimally invasive procedures

minimally invasive surgical treatments (MISTs)

procedures for benign prostatic hyperplasia that are characterized by fewer side effects, outpatient locations, and shorter recovery times

morcellation

cutting or grinding solid tissue into smaller pieces for removal

transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)

surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate gland. no prostate tissue is removed

transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)

surgical removal of pieces of prostate gland tissue by using an instrument inserted through the urethra. the capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes with urination

MRI ultrasound fusion biopsy

combination of magnetic resonance imaging with transrectal ultrasound to obstain tissue from a prostate lesion. Software merges an existing MRI image with live ultrasound images

multiparametric MRI

magnetic resonance imaging procedure providing information of an atomic structure and physiology for the stages of prostate cancer. it uses a combination of different MRI modalities to better understand the size and extent of prostate tumors

transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)

ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. sound waves are sent and received by a transducer probe that is placed into the rectum

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. elevated test results may indicate the presence of prostate cancer, urinary or prostatic infection, or excess prostate tissue, as found in benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis

semen analysis

microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing the size, structure, and movement of sperm; used to evaluate male infertility and to determine the effectiveness of a vasectomy (aka sperm count and sperm test)

total testosterone

blood test to measure the level of hormone responsible for male physical characteristic; used to detect multiple conditions in men and women, including fertility

digital rectal examination (DRE)

physical examination in which the healthcare provider inserts a gloved finger into the rectum and palpates the prostate through the rectal wall to determine size, shape, and consistency of the gland; used to screen for BPH and prostate cancer

aspermia

condition of without sperm (characterized by absence of semen or ejaculation)

oligospermia

condition of scanty sperm (in the semen; may contribute to infertility)

orchialgia

pain in the testis (also called testalgia)

chlamydia

sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium C. trachomatis, sometimes referred to as a silent STI

genital herpes

sexually transmitted infection caused by heroes simplex virus type 2

gonorrhea

sexually transmitted infection caused by a bacterial organism that inflames the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract

human papillomavirus (HPV)

sexually transmitted infection caused by viral infection; there are more than 40 types of HPV that cause benign or cancerous growths in male and female genitals (aka genital warts)

sexually transmitted infection (STI)

infection spread through sexual contact; STIs affect males and females, causing damage to reproductive organs and potentially serious health consequences if left untreated

syphilis

infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. rapidly spread throughout the body, and if untreated becomes systemic and can progress through three stages separated by latent periods. usually sexually transmitted, but may be acquired in utero and by direct contact with infected skin

trichomoniasis

sexually transmitted infection caused by a one-celled organism Trichomonas. Infects the genitourinary tract

artificial insemination

introduction of washed and concentrated sperm into the female reproductive tract; treatment for infertility

spermicide

an agent that destroys spermatozoa; used to prevent conception

azoosperma

lack of live sperm in the semen (characterized by absence of semen or ejaculation)

BOO

bladder outlet obstruction

LUTS

lower urinary tract symptoms; spoken as a whole word (lutz)

BPH

benign prostatic hyperplasia

ED

erectile dysfunction

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

PSA

prostate-specific antigen

PVP

photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland

RARP

robot-assisted radical prostatectomy

WVTT

water vapor thermal therapy