Memory Concepts and Theories

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to long-term memory, retrieval processes, and the theories of memory as discussed in the lecture notes.

Long-term Memory

A stage of memory that involves the storage of information for extended periods, often using visual imagery.

Retrieval Cues

Information that assists in accessing or recovering a memory.

Flashbulb Memories

Rich memories of emotionally significant and surprising events, though often inaccurate.

Elaboration

The process of connecting new information to existing knowledge to increase potential retrieval cues.

Encoding

The process of getting memories into the brain.

Transfer-appropriate Processing

The idea that successful retrieval is more likely if the mental processes used during retrieval match those used during encoding.

Memory Schemas

Organized knowledge structures in long-term memory that help guide retrieval.

Implicit Memory

Memory that occurs without conscious awareness or willful intent, often relying on cues.

Explicit Memory

Conscious, willful remembering of information.

Interference

Information that disrupts the retrieval of other memories.

Retroactive Interference

When forming new memories hinders the recovery of older memories.

Proactive Interference

When old memories disrupt the retrieval of new memories.

Blocking

A state where a memory is temporarily inaccessible due to other information obstructing retrieval.

Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon

A temporary inability to retrieve a memory, often due to missing cues.

Repression

A defense mechanism proposed by Freud that pushes threatening thoughts and memories out of conscious awareness.