NURS Clinical Science Exam Prep - Obesity

What BMI is considered overweight?

25 to 29

What BMI is class I obesity?

30 to <35

What BMI is class II obesity?

35 to <40

What BMI is class III obesity?

40 or higher

What BMI is underweight?

below 18.5

What BMI is normal or healthy weight?

18.5 to 24.9

What is waist circumference?

strong predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD)

What WC in women indicates central obesity?

greater than 35 inches

What WC in men indicates central obesity?

greater than 40 inches

What is waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)?

differentiates peripheral lower body obesity from central obesity

What WHR indicates android obesity in men?

0.95 or greater

What WHR indicates android obesity in women?

0.8 or greater

What are common causes of obesity?

eating high-fat and high-cholesterol diets

What is linked to higher risk for heart disease?

trans fatty acids, saturated fats, and cholesterol

What are healthy fats?

monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats

What drugs contribute to obesity?

corticosteroids, estrogens, and certain progestins, NSAIDs, antihypertensives, antidepressants and other psychoactive drugs, antiepileptic drugs, certain oral antidiabetic agents

What are musculoskeletal complications of obesity?

chronic back and/or joint pain, early onset of osteoarthritis

What are neurological complications of obesity?

stroke

What are psychiatric complications of obesity?

depression

What are respiratory complications of obesity?

obesity hypoventilation syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea

What are cardiovascular complications of obesity?

coronary artery disease (CAD), hyperlipidemia, hypertension, peripheral artery disease (PAD)

What are endocrine complications of obesity?

insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes

What are gastrointestinal complications of obesity?

cholelithiasis

What are genitourinary/reproducitve complications of obesity?

erectile dysfunction in men, menstrual irregularities in women, urinary incontinence

What is a nutritionally balanced diet?

1200-1800 calories/day of carbohydrate, protein, and fat

What is drug therapy for obesity?

bupropion-naltrexone (contrave)

What is contrave?

FDA approved prescription medication used alongside a reduced-calorie diet and exercise for chronic weight management

What does Contrave combine?

bupropion and naltrexone

What is bupropion?

antidepressant

What is naltrexone?

addiction-treatment drug

What is the mechanism of action of Contrave?

targets the brain’s hunger center and reward system to reduce appetite and control food cravings

What is liraglutide?

activates appetite regulation in the brain; turns on “fullness” neurons and turns off “hunger” neurons

What does liraglutide mimic?

GLP-1 hormone

What is phentermine-topiramate aka Qysmia?

prescription medication used alongside a reduced-calorie diet and exercise for chronic weight management

What is phentermine?

stimulant that suppresses appetite

What is topiramate?

anticonvulsant that increases feelings of fullness

What is semaglutide?

medication that mimics a natural gut hormone to regulate appetite and blood sugar

What is the mechanism of action of semaglutide?

acts on the brain’s hunger centers to reduce craving and slows down gastric empyting (process of food leaving the stomach)

What is setmelanotide (aka IMCIVREE)?

FDA-approved prescription medication for chronic weight management

What is the mechanism of action of setmelanotide?

targets brain receptors to reduce appetite and icnrease resting metabolism

What is orlistat?

inhibiits lipase, fats are only partially digested and absorbed; prevents the body from absorbing about 25% of the dietary fat you consume

What are physical assessment/signs and symptoms of obesity?

height, weight; antrhopometric measurements; skin and skinfold areas

What are psychoscoial assessments for obesity?

circumstances, emotional factors, perception

On assessment, the client is noted to have conjunctival xerosis, dry skin, follicular hyperkeratosis, and a purple tongue.

Which vitamin deficiency does the nurse anticipate?

vitamin A

Which dietary item will the nurse remove from the client’s nutrition tray?

toast with butter

The nurse is caring for a client who is preparing for bariatric surgery. When the client states, “I am afraid this surgery won’t work”, which nursing response is appropriate?

tell me what concerns you most about the surgery