3) Protein synthesis Inhibition

Bacterial ribosomes

the main target for protein inhibition

Bacterial cells ribosomes?

70s, with a large and small subunits

Aminoglycosides

binds the 30s subunit, it causes misreading of the MRNA during translation

Tetracycline family 1

tetracycline

Tetracycline family 2

doxycycline

Tetracycline family 3

minocycline

Tetracycline family 4

tigecycline

how does the Tetracycline family inhibit protein synthesis

by binding to the 30s subunit and physically blocking the aminoacyl-TRNA from binding to the a site which is on the ribosomes.

Spectrum and effect of Tetracycline family

broad spectrum and bacteriostatic

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Tetracycline family

Aminoglycosides family 1

Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides family 2

tobramycin

Aminoglycosides family 3

amikacin

Aminoglycosides toxicity

it is toxic to the kidneys and ears

how does the Macrolide family inhibit protein synthesis?

it binds to the 50s subunit to stop polypeptide chain extension, it blocks the exit it like a cork

Macrolide family 1

Erythromycin

Macrolide family 2

Zithromax

Macrolide family 3

azithromycin

atypical infection are treated with a Macrolide

chlamydia, Bordetella pertussis and legionella

a penicillin allergic patient can use what family ?

Macrolide

how does the Lincosamide family inhibit protein synthesis?

it binds to the 50s subunit and block polypeptide chain extension, it stop from the protein from synthesizing

the single Lincosamide and CA-MRSA effective?

clindamycin

CA-MRSA

community acquired MRSA

D-test

used to determine if a microbe is truly resistant to clindamycin and does not carry the ERM gene

D-test positive

an isolate has both clindamycin and erythromycin together, the zone of inhibition of clindamycin is in the shape of a D. reported as clindamycin ressitant

narrow spectrum covering Gram + and active against anaerobes

clindamycin

Clindamycin is given?

orally, intramuscularly, and intravenously

Macrolides and tetracyclines move into the bacterial cell

intracellular

how does the oxazolidinones family inhibit protein synthesis?

it blocks any initiation of translation

oxazolidinones family 1

Linezolid

oxazolidinones family 2

Zyvox

oxazolidinones family

used for multi-drug resistant gram + bacteria like MRSA and VRE

it lowers blood cell count after long use

oxazolidinones

how does Streptogramins family inhibit protein synthesis?

its binds to the 50s subunit and inhibits amino acids from linking together and also changing the physical shape of the subunit. the ribosome unit is made 100X tighter and blocks the exit.

only incomplete and broken protein fragments are produced

Streptogramins

Streptogramins family 1

quinupristin and dalfopristin

Synercid

AKA quinupristin and dalforpristin

both drugs work together to work on VRE and enterococcus faecium

Streptogramins

Linezolid- very narrow spectrum

stops subunits 50s and 30s from combing and creating a functional 70s unit, it binds directly to 50s