Film Mounting/Technique Errors/Normal Anotomy on Dental Images

The preferred method of film mounting is __________________ mounting

labial

The __________________ dot is used to identify the patient's right and left sides.

identification

In labial mounting, the patient's left side appears on the viewer's __________________ side.

right

The patient's right side appears on the viewer's __________________ side.

left

Four pieces of information found on a film mount include:

• patients names

• date of exposure

• dentist names

• radiographers name

What’s the differences between maxillary and mandibular teeth

Maxillary anterior teeth have larger crowns and longer roots than do mandibular anterior teeth

Remember most mandibular molars have _____, whereas most maxillary molars have ____.

two roots, three roots

most roots curve toward the _____.

distal

What should be evaluated when viewing radiographs?

• Unerupted, missing, and impacted teeth

• Dental caries

• Bony changes and alveolar bone levels

• Roots and periapical areas

A __________________ examination is used to examine the entire tooth and supporting bone.

periapical

A __________________ examination is used to evaluate crowns and crestal bone levels.

interpromximal

An occlusal image is used to examine large areas of the __________________ and

__________________.

maxillary, mandible

A full-mouth series consists of __________________ and __________________ images

periapical, bite wings

An image that appears completely clear may indicate an __________________ receptor.

unexposed

A film exposed to white light appears __________________.

black

An overexposed receptor appears __________________ or high in density.

dark

An underexposed receptor appears __________________ or low in density.

light

Two causes of overexposure:

excessive exposure time, kilovoltage, and milliamperage

Two causes of underexposure:

receptor underexposed, milliamperage settings on x-ray

Periapical technique errors may result from:

• incorrect receptors placement

• angulation problems

The edge of a periapical receptor should extend approximately ______ inch beyond the incisal or occlusal surfaces.

1/8

When no tooth apices appear on the image, the error is called __________________.

absence of apical

When the occlusal plane appears tipped or tilted, the error is called a __________________.

dropped receptor corner

__________________ angulation is the positioning of the PID in a side-to-side plane

Horizontal

__________________ angulation is the positioning of the PID in an up-and-down plane.

Vertical

Incorrect horizontal angulation results in __________________ contacts.

overlap

Insufficient vertical angulation results in a(n) __________ image.

elongated

Excessive vertical angulation results in a(n) __________________ image.

foreshortend

A cone-cut image occurs when part of the receptor __________________ the beam.

missed

A cone-cut appears as a __________________ or __________________ unexposed area.

clear, white

A radiograph exposed twice produces a __________________ image.

A herringbone pattern occurs when traditional film is placed in the mouth

__________________.

A phalangioma is an image of the patient's __________________.

Folds in traditional film create __________________ artifacts.

A sensor wire artifact occurs when the wire is positioned between the tooth and the__________________.

Radiopaque structures appear __________________ or light gray.

white

Radiolucent structures appear __________________ or dark gray

black

Cortical bone appears __________________ on a radiograph.

radiopague

Cancellous bone appears primarily __________________ on a radiograph.

radiolucent

Primary teeth begin to erupt at approximately ______ months of age.

6

By age ______, all 20 primary teeth should be erupted and functioning.

3

Primary dentition is also known as __________________ dentition.

deciduous

Mixed dentition generally occurs between ages ______ and ______ years.

6,12

The __________ is formed by the intersection of the lateral wall of the nasal fossa and the anterior border of the maxillary sinus.

The __________ process appears as a J-shaped radiopacity superior to the maxillary first

molar.

The __________ is a radiolucency often seen near the apices of mandibular premolars.

The __________ __________ appears as a thin radiolucent line surrounding a tooth root.

The __________ __________ appears as a dense radiopaque line surrounding the root of a tooth.

The __________ __________ appears as a large radiolucent area above the apices of maxillary premolars and molars.

The __________ __________ appears as a dense radiopaque band located above the maxillary incisors.

The __________ __________ appears as a thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors.

The __________ __________ appears as a small radiolucent opening located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors.

Inverted Y

Zygomatic process

Mental foramen

Periodontal ligament space

Lamina dura

Maxillary sinus

Floor of the nasal cavity

Median palatine suture

Incisive foramen

Who is allowed to view films?

Any member of the dental team

Periapical examination (PA)

Used to examine the entire tooth and supporting bone

Interproximal examination (Bite-wing)

• Used to examine the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth on a single film

• Used to check for cavities between teeth and crestal bone levels

Occlusal Examination

Used to examine large areas of the maxilla and mandible on one film

Full Mouth Series

Combination of periapicals and bite-wings

What is a curve of spee

Receptor Exposure Errors that result in nondiagnostic images includes:

unexposed receptors, overexposed receptors, underexposed receptors

How do you correct an unexposed receptor?

Make sure the x-ray machine is turned on and listen for the audible exposure signal

What does an unexposed receptor image look like

the image appears clear

what is usually the receptor for unexposed receptor

can be a digital sensor or film

How do you correct a film exposed to light?

Do not unwrap in a room with white light, check the darkroom for light leaks, turn off all lights in the darkroom except the safelight

What does an film exposed to light image look like

The image will appear black

what is usually the receptor for a film exposed to light receptor

only with film

How do you correct a overexposed receptor to light?

Check settings and reduce as needed before exposing receptor

What does an overexposed receptor image look like

Image appears dark or high in density

what is usually the receptor for overexposed receptor

digital sensors or film

what is usually the receptor for underexposed receptor

digital sensors or film

What does an underexposed receptor image look like

The image appears light or low in density

How do you correct an underexposed receptor?

Check the exposure time, kilovoltage, and milliamperage settings on the x-ray machine before exposing the receptor