HGD: Quiz #5

What are are receptive milestones?

hearing and understanding

What are expressive milestones?

verbal or non-verbal communication

What speech milestone occurs at 3 months?

makes cooing sounds (ooohhh and ahhh)

What speech milestone occurs at 6 months?

babbles vowel sounds constantly (da, ba, and ma)

What speech milestone occurs at 12 months?

says 1-2 words

What speech milestone occurs at 18 months?

uses 5-10 words and can follow 1 step commands

What speech milestone occurs at 24 months?

uses 50 words and combines words

What grasp type do 3-month-olds have? What are they able to do?

reflexive grasp; rotate objects w/ shoulder and bring objects to mouth

reflexive grasp

What grasp type do 4-month-olds have? What are they able to do?

crude palmar grasp; shake objects, hold one object with one hand or both

Crude Palmar Grasp

What grasp type do 5-month-olds have? What are they able to do?

ulnar palmar grasp; grasp by "raking" them up and can transfer from hand to hand

Ulnar Palmar Grasp

What grasp type do 6-month-olds have? What are they able to do?

radial palmar grasp; bang objects together

Radial Palmar Grasp

What grasp type do 8-month-olds have? What are they able to do?

Radial digital grasp (immature pincher); deform soft objects, take objects apart, begin to release

Radial Digital Grasp

What grasp type do 10-month-olds have? What are they able to do?

Radial pincer grasp; release into container

Radial Pincer Grasp

What grasp type do 12-month-olds have? What are they able to do?

Finer pincer grasp; can do puzzle sorter box

Finer Pincer Grasp

When can babies begin to finger feed self?

12 months

When can babies drink from a cup but spill?

13 months

When are babies usually toilet-trained by?

2-3 years

When are children able to dress and bathe themselves independently?

5 years

When do children begin to look both ways to cross the street?

6 years

When does means-End- use of object to obtain another object starts at?

6 months

When does joint attention emerge?

7 months

When does object permanence emerge?

8-9 months

When does beginning to play pretend using imitation of ordinary activities (such as eating) begin?

12-15 months

When does prosocial behavior, such as taking pleasure in obeying rules and pleasing, begin?

18-36 months

When can children distinguish the difference between pretend and reality?

4-6 years

When does the idea of equal treatment for all (everyone gets the same) begin?

6-7 years

When does the idea of merit based rewards (hard workers deserve more) begin?

8-9 years

When does the idea of balancing merit with benevolence (those coping with disadvantage deserve extra support) begin?

10-12 years

What is considered within normal ranges before being considered behind in motor development?

1-2 months

What dominates newborn motor behavior?

physiological flexion in prone and supine, clearing airway by moving head side to side, forward leaning

When do babies begin to use visual fixation to help with brief midline head control?

2 months

What is astasia-abasia?

inability to bear weight through lower extremities

When do babies exerience astasia-abasia?

2 months

When does the social smile emerge?

2 months

When can babies be prone on elbows, head to 90°, and elows under shoulders?

3 months

What can a 3 month old do to have midline control of the head?

chin tuck that is observable in supine

When do babies begin to bear weight through LE?

3 months

What is the typical movement for a 9-15 week old (2-3 months)?

fidgety and circular movements (fireflies)

At what age marks improvement of symmetry? What does this mean?

4 months, big month for organization

When can babies being hands to midline and knees in supine?

4 months

When can babies roll from supine to side lying?

4 months

When do babies begin to tripod/prop sit?

5 months

When can babies lay prone with elbows fully extended?

5 months

When do babies begin to sit up on their own for a short period of time?

6 months

When can babies pull themselves into sitting?

6 months

When can babies roll from prone to supine and back? What does it look like?

6 months, log roll with no dissociation

When can babies bring hands to feet and feet to hands in supine?

6 months

When can babies sit by themselves and play using both hands, reaching without loss of balance?

7 months

When can babies pivot in prone and then crawl on stomach?

7 months

When should we avoid supine for babies?

7 months moving forward

When do babies transition in and out of sitting from quadruped?

8 months

When do babies begin to creep on hands and knees? What is this dependent on?

8 months; culture

Pulls to standing at furniture but use UE > LE?

8 months

When do babies begin to reach, rotate, and shift weight in sitting?

8 months

When do babies begin to creep on hands and knees rapidly and reciprocally?

9 months

When do babies begin to rely on UE less when pulling to standing?

9 months

When can babies cruise along furniture?

9 months

When can babies walk forward with both hands held?

10 months

When do babies attempt indp standing?

11 months

When can babies walk with 1 hand held?

11 months

When can babies walk with hands in a high guard position and a wide base of support?

12 months

When can babies walk with a heel-toe gait pattern and a reciprocal arm swing?

18 months

When do babies begin to creep up and down stairs?

18 months

When can children begin to jump?

24 months

When can children walk up and down stairs with railing?

24 months

When can children walk up and down stairs without a railing, alternating feet?

36 months

When can children stand on 1 foot for 4-8 seconds?

36 months

What is the 1st step in supine progression starting as a newborn?

physiological flexion

What are the 2nd steps in supine progression starting at 3 months old?

midline head control and chin tuck development

What are the 3rd steps in supine progression starting at 4 months old?

hands to midline and rolling to side

What are the 4th steps in supine progression starting at 5-6 months old?

rolling to prone, hands to feet, feet to mouth, and pulling self to sitting

What are the 5th steps in supine progression starting at 7 months old?

rarely stay in supine position

What are the 1st steps in prone progression starting as a newborn?

physiological flexion and turn head to side

What is the 2nd step in prone progression starting at 2 months old?

head lifted to 45-60°, often asymetrically

What are the 3rd steps in prone progression starting at 4 months old?

prone on elbows and head to 90°

What are the 4th steps in prone progression starting at 4-5 months old?

rolls prone to supine and prone on extended elbows

What are the 5th steps in prone progression starting at 6 months old?

prone on extended elbows, weight shifting and reaching

What is the first 6 months of prone progression dominated by?

caudal weight shifting and shoulder girdle development

What are the 6th steps in prone progression starting at 7 months old?

pivoting and reciprocal belly crawling and plays in side lying, propped on one elbow

What are the 7th steps in prone progression starting at 8 months old?

assumes quadruped, rocking in frontal and sagittal planes

What are the 8th steps in prone progression starting at 9 months old?

creeps in quadruped, rapidly and reciprocally

What are the 9th steps in prone progression starting at 14 months old?

climbs in quadruped, likely up steps

What is the 1st step in sitting progression starting as a newborn?

folds forward in supported sitting

What is the 2nd step in sitting progression starting at 2 months old?

lifts head briefly in midline in supported sitting

What is the 3rd step in sitting progression starting at 5 months old?

tripod sitting

What is the 4th step in sitting progression starting at 6 months old?

un-sustained hands-free sitting

What is the 5th step in sitting progression starting at 7 months old?

hands free sitting

What are the 6th steps in sitting progression starting at 8 months old?

reaches, rotates, and shifts weight in sitting, and moves from sitting to quadraped

What is an important milestone for fine motor development in the sitting progression?

moving from sitting to quadruped

What is the 1st step in standing progression starting as a newborn?

primary standing

What is the 2nd step in standing progression starting at 2 months?

astasia-abasia

What is the 3rd step in standing progression starting at 3 months?

bears weight through LE

What is the 4th step in standing progression starting at 6 months?

bears weight at a stable surface and bounces