Chapter 11: Medical Terminology

The functions of tears

1. they nourish the conjunctiva

2. they contain enzymes that kill bacteria, preventing infection.

3. they clean and lubricate the eye

The ____ eye muscles are attached to the outside of the eye.

extrinsic

The tough, white outer layer of the eyeball is the:

sclera

The act of adjusting something to make it fit the needs: in this case, the lens of the eye adjusts itself is called ____

accommodation

The root in the term constrict means:

narrow

The nasolacrimal gland carries tears from the eyes:

to the mouth

The two eye structures that refract light are the ____ and the ____

1. lens

2. cornea

Stereopsis depends on:

proper alignment of the eyes

a hordeolum, also known as a stye, is an:

Infection of an eyelash follicle

At the center of the front of the eye is the ____, a transparent, dome-shaped membrane

cornea

when there is a muscle imbalance in one eye, the alignment breaks down and ____ results

strabismus

Generally speaking, to accommodate is to:

adapt to meet a need

deconstruct the term amblyopia

1. ambly

2. opia

To become or make narrow is to ____

constrict

Macular degeneration usually occurs in people

over the age of 55

Light rays that strike the eye in the center of the cornea:

pass straight through without bending

The infection of multiple eyelash follicles, characterized by persistent redness of the eyelid’s margin with crusting and ulceration, is called

blepharitis

OR staphylococcal blepharitis

If your eyeball is too long, you suffer from ____ and are ____

1. myopia

2. nearsighted

In congenital or infantile esotropia, how are the eyes positioned?

both eyes turn inward toward the nose

for distant vision exam, patients look at a ___ letter chart 20 feet away and vision is recorded as the smallest line in which the patient can read half of the letters.

Snellen

Incomplete development of the pathways of vision to the brain is called

amblypia

A disorder of the retina that results in vision loss in the center of the visual field is

macular degeneration

what are different methods of tonometery that measure intraocular pressure?

pneumatonometry

goldmann

Most surgical procedures that are used to treat myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism do so by altering the:

shape of the cornea

In ____, unusual curvatures of the cornea cause unequal focusing and blurred images

astigmatism

For ____ vision exam, the patient reads a standard Jaeger reading card at a distance of 14 inches.

near

The root word element in antibiotic means

life

the two terms for the outer ear are ____ and ____

auricle

pinna

A tonometer is used to measure

intraocular pressure

The _____ _____ connects the middle ear and nasopharynx and is route of infection transmission from the throat to the middle ear.

eustachian tube

a surgical procedure to treat myopia in which cuts are made to flatten the cornea is called

Radial keratotomy

The term meatus is latin for:

go through

If your eyeball is too short, you suffer from ____ and are ____

hyperopia

farsighted

the root ____ means throat

-pharynx-

A substance that prevents bacteria from causing or transmitting an infection is

antibiotic

the function of the auricle (pinna) is

to direct sound waves into the auditory canal

The root in the term tympanic means

eardrum

The ____ rests at the inner end of the external auditory canal

eardrum OR tympanic membrane

the inner ear is a ____ of complex, intricate systems of passages.

labyrinth

the ____ is a passage or channel; also the external opening to the auditory ear canal

meatus

Having ____ means being evenly balanced

equilibrium

the region of the pharynx at the back of the throat and above the soft palate is the

nasopharynx

A bacterial or fungal infection of the external auditory canal is ____ externa

otitis

the prefix anti- means

against

a middle-ear disease where spongy bone forms around the junction of the oval window and stapes, preventing the stapes from conducting sound vibrations to the inner ear is called

otosclerosis

a medical word for eardrum is

tympanic membrane

the type of irreversible hearing loss caused by damage to, or death of, fine hairs in the cochlea is ____ hearing loss

sensorineural hearing loss

hair cells in the inner ear convert motion into nerve impulses that travel via the ____ nerve to the brain

cochlear

what are the symptoms of tinnitus in the ears

clicking

hissing

buzzing

the root in the term equalibrium means

balance

what is the term that means occuring in sharp, spasmodic episodes

parooxysmal

swimmers ear is a form of

otitis externa

during the ____ ____ test, the examiner whispers into an uncovered ear from two feet away while the patient covers the other ear.

whispered speech

formation of spongy bone at the junction between the stapes and oval window is called

otosclerosis

what type of hearing implants bypass the damages hair cells and directly stimulate the cochlear nerve endings?

cochlear

the most common cause of hearing loss, aside from aging, is damage to the fine hairs in the

cochlea

a scoop-shaped instrument used for scraping the interior of a cavity or removing new growths is called

curette

the sensation of spinning or dizziness is called

vertigo

which of these is not the root of the term paroxysmal?

1. chronic

2. permanent

3. sharp attack

4. sudden

1. sharp attack

2. sudden

what is an instrument used to test hearing that generates sounds in different frequencies and intensities

audiometer

the only treatment for otosclerosis is to replace the stapes with a metal or plastic ____

prosthesis

what is the medical term for scraping the interior of a cavity or removing a new growth

curettage

what is the term that means occuring in sharp, spasmodic episodes

paroxysmal

what type of hearing implants bypass the damaged hair cells and directly stimuate the cochlear nerve endings?

cochlear

what are the roots of the term paroxysmal

sharp attack

sudden

otolith

ot/o- ear

lith - stone

based on its suffix, you can tell that a keratotomy is

a proceudre

____ also called lazy eye, occurs in childeren when vision in one eye is not as developed as vision in the other eye, resulting in failure or incomplete development of the pathways of vision to the brain.

amblyopia

A vision problem that occurs around age 40 due to loss of flexibilty of the lens, which makes it difficult to focus for near vision is

presbyopia

What body parts are covered in the bodys thinnest layer of skin?

eyelids

the medical term for three-dimensional perception

stereopsis

What type of lens helps to correct hyperopia?

convex

the term amblyopia signifies

sight

neural - definition of bolded word element

nerve

which of the following terms refers to tears?
1. otolith

2. lacrimal

3. purulent

4. uvea

5. vestubile

2. lacrimal

tympanostomy

root- eardrum

word meaning: new opening into the eardrum

otosclerosis

combining form - hardening

definition of term - abnormal condition of ear hardening

antibiotic

definition of term: pertaining to against life

the lens can ____ itself to light rays by becoming thicker or thinner.

accommodate

Name a symptom of BPPV

dizziness

what is the medical term for three-dimensional perception

stereopsis

what is another name for the auricle

pinna

what type of lens helps correct hyperopia

convex

a condition where spongy bone forms around the junction of the stapes and oval winodow, preventing the stapes from conducting the sound vibrations to the inner ear that causes loss of hearing is called

otosclerosis

Word that means inflammation of the fibrous outer covering of the eyeball

scleritis

word meaning pertaining to the space at the entrance to a canal

vestibular

an inflammation of the inner ear is called

labyrinthitis

the word elements in the word retinoblastoma are

root/combining form, root. suffix

the medical term ending in opia, _____, means difficulty in nearsighted vision that occurs in middle and old age

presbyopia

hereditary lack of response by one or more of the three types of cones results in ____, of which the most common kind is ____

color blindness; red-green

LASIK is used to treat

myopia and astigmatism

conjunctivitis is commonly known as

pink eye

the medical term which means squinting or cross eyed is called

strabisus

photophobia is a

fear of the light

someone skilled in the measurement of vision is known as an

optometrist

the pit in the center of the macula is called the ____ ____

fovea centralis

test used to determine whether a person has color blindness

ishihara

the mucous membrane that is the inner lining of the eyelids and covers the eye excpet for the cornea is the

conjunctiva

another name for far sightedness is

hyperopia

the term which means the opposite of vascular is

avascular