HA&P: Chapter 7 - Part 3

This is our chest and it can be called the bony thorax?

Thoracic cage

These kinds of spaces are between the ribs occupied by the intercostal muscles that lift and depress the thorax during breathing?

Intercostal spaces

What bone lies in the anterior midline of the thorax and fuses three bones of the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process?

Sternum

What does the manubrium articulate via of what with the clavicles laterally and articulates with the first two pairs of ribs?

Clavicular notches

This part of the sternum forms the bulk of the sternum and the sides are notched where it articulates with the costal cartilages of the second to seventh ribs?

The Body

What part of the sternum forms the inferior end of the sternum?

Xiphoid process

What are the three important anatomical landmarks of the sternum?

Jugular notch, the Sternal angle, and the Xiphisternal joint

What important anatomical landmark of the sternum is the central indentation in the superior border of the manubrium and is generally in line with the disc between the second and third thoracic vertebrae and the points where the left common carotid artery branches from the aorta?

Jugular Notch

What important anatomical landmark on the sternum is felt as a horizontal ridge across the front of the sternum, where the manubrium joins the sternal body?

Sternal angle

What important anatomical landmark of the sternum is the point where the sternal body and xiphoid process fuse and lies at the level of the ninth thoracic vertebra?

Xiphisternal joint

How many pair of ribs forms the flaring sides of the thoracic cage?

12

All ribs attach a._________ to the thoracic vertebrae and curve b.________ toward the anterior body surface

a. Posteriorly

b. Inferiorly

What kind of ribs are the superior seven rib pairs that attach directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilages?

True (Vertebrosternal) Ribs

What are the remaining five pair of ribs called that either attach indirectly to the sternum or entirely lack a sternal attachment?

False ribs

What kind of ribs are that rib pairs of 8-10 attach to the sternum indirectly that each join the costal cartilage immediately above it?

Vertebrochondral ribs

These are the inferior margin of the rib cage that is formed by the costal cartilages of ribs 7-10?

Costal margin

What are rib pairs 11 and 12 called that have no anterior attachments, but instead their costal cartilages lie embedded in the muscles of the lateral body wall?

Vertebral ribs (Floating ribs)

What kind of bone consists of the clavicle anteriorly and the scapula posteriorly?

Pectoral girdle (Shoulder girdle)

This kind of bone are collarbones, are slender, S-shaped bones that can be felt along their course as they extend horizontally across the superior thorax and they hold the scapulae and arms out laterally, away from the narrower superior part of the thorax?

Clavicles

Each clavicle is cone shaped at its medial a.________ which attaches to the sternal manubrium and flattened at its lateral b.________ which articulates with the scapula?

a. Sternal end

b. Acromial end

This kind of bones are shoulder blades, that are thin, triangular flat bones and they lie on the dorsal surface of the rib cage, between ribs 2 and 7?

Scapulae

What three borders are in the scapula?

1. Superior border - is the shortest, sharpest border

2. Medial (Vertebral) border - parallels the vertebral column

3. Thick Lateral (Axillary) border - is next to the armpit and ends superiorly in a small, shallow fossa that is the glenoid cavity that articulates with the humerus of the arm, forming the shoulder joint

The superior scapular border meets the medial border at the a.________ angle and the lateral border at the b.________ angle

a. Superior

b. Lateral

What does the posterior surface bear on the scapula that it prominents what that is easily felt through the skin?

Spine

Where does the spin of the scapula ends that is laterally in an enlarged, roughened triangular projection that is articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle, forming the acromioclavicular joint?

Acromion

Projecting anteriorly from the superior scapular border is what?

Coracoid process

The coracoid process helps anchor the biceps muscle of the arm that is bounded by what medially and by the glenoid cavity laterally?

Suprascapular notch

What is inferior and superior to the spine of the scapula?

Infraspinous and Supraspinous fossae

What is the shallow concavity that is formed by the entire anterior scapular surface?

Subscapular fossa

What bone is the sole bone of the arm that is a typical long bone and it articulates with the scapula at the shoulder and with the radius and ulna at the elbow?

Humerus

What is at the proximal end of the humerus that fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula in a manner that allows the arm to hang freely at one’s side?

Head

What is immediately inferior to the head that is a slight constriction?

Anatomical neck

The anatomical neck is inferior to what is a. lateral to what, b. is more medial to what, & c. is separated by what that can also be called is the bicipital groove which all are the sites of attachments of the rotator cuff muscles

a. Greater tubercle

b. Lesser tubercle

c. Intertubercular sulcus

Just distal to the tubercles are what?

Surgical neck

What is down the shaft of the surgical neck that is on the lateral side that is a V-shaped, that is the roughened attachment site for the deltoid muscle of the shoulder?

Deltoid tuberosity

What runs obliquely down the posterior aspect of the shaft, that marks the course of the radial nerve?

Radial groove

What two condyles are at the distal end of the humerus?

Trochlea and Capitulum

What are the condyle pair of the trochlea and the capitulum flanked by?

Medial and Lateral Epicondyles

What are above the medial and lateral epicondyles?

Medial and Lateral Supracondylar Ridges

Superior to the trochlea on the anterior surface is the a._________ ; on the posterior surface is the deeper b.__________?

a. Coronoid fossa

b. Olecranon fossa

This is lateral to the coronoid fossa that receives the head of the radius when the elbow is flexed?

Radial fossa

What two bones forms the skeleton of the forearm (antebrachium)?

Radius & Ulna

The radius and ulna articulate with each other both proximally and distally at small a.____________ and are connected along their entire length by a flat flexible ligament called the b._____________

a. Radioulnar joints

b. Interosseous membrane

In the anatomical position the radius lies a.________ and the ulna b._________

a. Laterally (on the thumb side)

b. Medially

In the proximal end of the ulna it bears the a.________ & b.______ that is separated by a deep concavity called c.__________?

a. Olecranon

b. Coronoid process

c. Trochlear notch

On the lateral side of the coronoid process is a small depression called what, where the ulna articulates with the head of the radius?

Radial notch

What is medial to the head of the ulna, that is from which a ligament runs to the wrist?

Ulnar styloid process

With the radius, the superior surface of the head is concave and it articulates with what of the humerus?

Capitulum

Inferior to the head of the radius is what that anchors the biceps muscle of the arm?

Radial tuberosity

The part where the radius is expanded distally, it has a medial a.________ that articulates with the ulna and a lateral b.__________ (an anchoring site for ligaments that run to the wrist)

a. Ulnar notch

b. Radial styloid process

The skeleton of the hand includes the bones of what?

Carpus (wrist), Bones of the Metacarpus (palm), and Phalanges (Bones of the fingers)

What do the carpus consist?

8 Carpals

In the proximal row (lateral to medial) of the carpals what is the order?

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform

In the distal row what are the order of the carpals?

Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium

What a. radiates from the wrist like spokes to form the b._______ (palm of the hand)?

a. Metacarpals

b. Metacarpus

Each hand contains 14 miniature long bones that can be called what?

Phalanges

This a. bone is formed by the sacrum and a pair of b. ________ which each also is called an c.________ (coxal bone)

a. Pelvic girdle (Hip girdle)

b. Hip bones

c. Os coxae

What are the three bones that fused in the pelvic girdle?

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

At the point of fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis is a deep hemispherical socket called what on the lateral surface of the pelvis and also receives the head of the femur (thigh bone)?

Acetabulum

What part of the pelvic girdle is a large flaring bone that forms the superior region of a hip bone and it consists of a body and a superior winglike portion called the ala?

Ilium

When you rest your hands on your hips, you are resting them on the thickened superior margins of the alae which can be called what to which many muscles attach?

Iliac crests

Each iliac crest ends anteriorly in the blunt a.___________ and posteriorly in the sharp b.______________

a. Anterior superior iliac spine

b. Posterior superior iliac spine

Inferior to the posterior inferior iliac spine, the ilium indents deeply to form what through which the thick cordlike sciatic nerve passes to enter the thigh?

Greater sciatic notch

The broad posterolateral surface of the ilium, the a._________ is crossed by three ridges, the b.____________, and c.___________ to which the gluteal muscles attach?

a. Gluteal surface

b. Posterior anterior

c. Inferior gluteal lines

The medial surface of the iliac ala exhibits a concavity called what?

Iliac fossa

Posterior to the iliac fossa is what that articulates with the same named surface of the sacrum forming the sacroiliac joint?

Auricular surface

Running inferiorly and anteriorly from the auricular surface is a robust ridge called what that helps define the pelvic brim?

Arcuate line

What part of the pelvic girdle forms the posteroinferior part of the hip bone and has a inferior ramus?

Ischium

What important marking of the ischium projects medially into the pelvic cavity and serves as a point of attachment of the sacrospinous ligament running from the sacrum?

Ischial spine

What other important marking is inferior to the ischial spine?

Lesser sciatic notch

What other important marking is grossly thickened and rough from the inferior surface of the ischial body?

Ischial tuberosity

What other bone makes up the pelvic girdle that can be called the pubic bone, forms the anterior portion of the hip, and when in its anatomical position, it lies nearly horizontally and the urinary bladder rests upon it?

Pubis

The pubis is V shaped with the ___________ issuing from its flattened medial body?

Superior and Inferior Pubic Rami

The anterior border of the pubis is thickened to form what?

Pubic crest

At the lateral end of the pubic crest is the ________, that is one of the attachments for the inguinal ligament

Pubic tubercle

As the two rami of the pubis run laterally to join with the body and ramus of the ischium, they define a large opening in the hip bone, the __________?

Obturator foramen

The bodies of the two pubic bones are joined by a fibrocartilage disc, forming the midline __________ joint

Pubic symphysis

Inferior to this joint, the inferior pubic rami angle laterally, forming an inverted V-shaped arch called what?

Pubic arch (subpubic angle)

The deep, basinlike structure formed by the hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx is called what or can also be called the bony pelvis?

Pelvis

The pelvis is said to consist of a false (greater) pelvis and a true (lesser) pelvis separated by the __________ that is a continuous oval ridge that runs from the pubic crest through the arcuate line and sacral promontory

Pelvic brim

What is of the portion superior to the pelvic brim and is bounded by the alae of the ilia laterally and the lumbar vertebrae posteriorly?

False pelvis

What is the region inferior to the pelvic brim that is almost entirely surrounded by bone and it forms a deep bowl containing the pelvic organs?

True pelvis

This is the pelvic brim, and its widest dimension is from right to left along the frontal plane?

Pelvic inlet

This is the inferior margin of the true pelvis and is bounded anteriorly by the pubic arch, laterally by the ischia, and posteriorly by the sacrum and coccyx?

Pelvic outlet