Prokaryotic cells and viruses (copy)

What is a prokaryote

A microorganism with no membrane bound organelles

Why are viruses classed as non living

• They cannot respire or reproduce without a host

Why are viruses called particles

They are acellular

What organelles do prokaryotic cells have

Flagella

Cytoplasm

Circular DNA molecule

Plasmid

Capsule

Cell wall

Ribosome

Cell membrane

Why is the flagella useful

Helps with movement

What is the function of the cytoplasm

Where chemical reaction occurs

What is the circular DNA molecule and how is this different from eukaryotic cells

-main store of genetic information,free In the cytoplasm not bound to protein

-in eukaryotic cells DNA is stored I’m chromosomes in the nucleus which is membrane bound.DNA associated with histones

What is the plasmid

Small loop structures that contain genetic information

What is the capsule

Protective/outermost layer of the cell ,protects from hydrolytic enzymes

What is the prokaryotic cell wall made from

Murein

What is the ribosome

Where protein synthesis occurs,70s

What is the purpose of the cell membrane

Controls transport of substances into and out of the cell

Key differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic

• No membrane bound organelles

• Smaller ribosomes

• Prokaryotic cells smaller than eukaryotic cells

• Cell wall made of Murein

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Describe process of viral replication

• Viruses are non living so cannot divide however they attach to a host cell

• They inject their nucleic acid into the host cell

• The host cell transcribes and translates the viral genes to form viral proteins

• Viral proteins form new virus particles

• Particles burst out of the host cell,destroying it

Describe the process of bacterial replication (binary fission)

• Process of bacterial replication is known as bonary Fission

• Circular DNA and plasmids replicate

• Circular DNA attaches to opposite ends of cell membrane

• Bacterial cell grows

• The cell membrane pinches inwards in the middle of the cell

• cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells (each has a variable number of plasmids)

• A cell wall is formed around each daughter cell-genetically identical