TI6-clinical uses of antibiotics 3

what are the beta lactamases sensitive antibiotics ( penicillin’s )

• these are the antibiotics that act mainly on the gram positive bacteria e.g benzylpenicillin 

what are the beta lactmase resistant antibiotics 

these are antibiotics that are narrow spectrum used against gram positve bacteria mostly staphylococcal infections producing b-lactamaseases they can also be given orally e.g. flucloxacillin 

what are broad spectrum antibiotics 

• these are antibiotics that are active against positive and negative bacteria 

• e.g. amoxicillin which is often inactivated by the beta lactamases by it has its inhibitors there to prevent this 

• also co-amoxiclav this is amoxicillin and clavulanic acid ( an inhibitor )

what are anti-pseudomonal antibiotics 

these are antibiotics that are broad spectrum and can be used to treat pseudomonas infections ( a typical bacteria too )
e.g. piperacillin + tazobactam ( b-lactamases inhibitor ) given by IV

what are the two approaches for selecting an antibacterial for a patient 

directed therapy 

• based on knowing what the pathogen is 

• +/- sensitivity to antibacterial 

• through doing tests to find out 

empirical therapy 

• based on guessing what the pathogen is 

describe what direct therapy approach is for selecting antibacterial

what are the pro's of using directed therapy for selecting antibacterial

what are the disadvantages of using the directed therapy approach for selecting antibiotics 

what are the type of infections commonly found in the GI tract and chest + caused by what bacteria type 

what type of infections are found in the mouth, teeth, throat, sinuses , lower bowel + what type of bacteria usually causes them 

what type of infections are usually happen in the chest and Genito-urinary + what group of bacteria cause them 

what type of infections are usually happening in the skin,bones and chest and what type of bacteria typically cause them

what are the pros of using empirical therapy as a way of selecting the antibiotics used for patients 

what are the cons for using empirical therapy for selecting antibiotics used 

how can we know if there’s low risk of antibiotic resistance in a patient before culture results 

• patient- asking them about previous prescriptions and risk factors for resistance e.g. resident in care home 

• population- known patterns for resistance locally or nationally 

• local epidemiology- local guidelines can adapt national guidance to local pathogens and resistance patterns 

what are the main factors affecting choice of antibacterial for Infections