Exam 2 Lab Heart and Artery/Vein questions

Question 1: For steps 1 through 7 of blood flow through the heart, list each structure step and state whether the blood is O2-rich or O2-poor?

Answer: O2-poor (Step 1: Inferior vena cava - O2-poor | Step 2: Right atrium - O2-poor | Step 3: Tricuspid valve - O2-poor | Step 4: Right ventricle - O2-poor | Step 5: Pulmonary valve - O2-poor | Step 6: Pulmonary trunk - O2-poor | Step 7: Pulmonary arteries - O2-poor)

Question 2: For steps 8 through 14 of blood flow through the heart, list each structure step and state whether the blood is O2-poor or O2-rich?

Answer: O2-rich (Step 8: Lung capillaries - O2-rich | Step 9: Pulmonary veins - O2-rich | Step 10: Left atrium - O2-rich | Step 11: Mitral valve - O2-rich | Step 12: Left ventricle - O2-rich | Step 13: Aortic valve - O2-rich | Step 14: Aorta - O2-rich)

Question 3: At which step does the blood change from O2-poor to O2-rich?

Answer: During the step of lung capillaries

Question 4: What is the name of the left heart valve that is prolapsed/damaged?

Answer: Mitral valve (Bicuspid)

Question 5: Where does the Tricuspid valve lie, and is it anchored by chordae tendineae + papillary muscles?

Answer: Lies between the right atrium and right ventricle | Anchored by chordae tendineae + papillary muscles: Yes

Question 6: Where does the Mitral (bicuspid) valve lie, and is it anchored by chordae tendineae + papillary muscles?

Answer: Lies between the left atrium and left ventricle | Anchored by chordae tendineae + papillary muscles: Yes

Question 7: Where does the Pulmonary valve lie, and is it anchored by chordae tendineae + papillary muscles?

Answer: Lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries | Anchored by chordae tendineae + papillary muscles: No

Question 8: Where does the Aortic valve lie, and is it anchored by chordae tendineae + papillary muscles?

Answer: Lies between the left ventricle and aorta | Anchored by chordae tendineae + papillary muscles: No

Question 9: In this patient's valve prolapse, blood leaks backward when the left ventricle contracts: a. It leaks from where to where? b. Where should that blood have gone instead?

Answer: a. Leaks from the aortic valve into the left ventricle | b. It should go to the body

Question 10: List all 9 steps showing where blood goes through the machine and back during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) starting with blood returning from the body.

Answer: 1. Superior and inferior venae cavae | 2. Right atrium | 3. Venous cannula | 4. Reservoir | 5. Pump | 6. O2 (Oxygenator) | 7. Filter | 8. Arterial cannula | 9. Aorta (past the clamp), then arteries of the body

Question 11: Why is this machine a "cardiopulmonary" bypass machine? Name the two jobs the machine does.

Answer: It pumps the blood, and deoxygenates it

Question 12: In cardiopulmonary bypass Where would the machine's blood go without the clamp?

Answer: Since the heart is not pumping, without the clamp the blood will fall back to the left ventricle and die

Question 13: For catheter and cannula routes during angioplasty, list in order every artery the catheter passes through starting from the entry point to the blocked anterior interventricular artery (LAD).

Answer: 1. Femoral artery (Start) | 2. External iliac artery | 3. Common iliac artery | 4. Abdominal aorta | 5. Thoracic aorta | 6. Arch (Aortic arch) | 7. Ascending aorta | 8. Left coronary artery | 9. Anterior interventricular artery (End)

Question 14: Does the catheter travel with the blood flow or against it?

Answer: It goes against, since arteries carry blood away from the heart

Question 15: Why does angioplasty use the femoral artery and not the femoral vein? Trace the vein route to the heart and find where the catheter would get stuck.

Answer: Because it would get stuck in the lungs

Question 16: Based on the provided MRI image showing a damaged big muscle of the anterior thorax (at the level of vertebrae T7), which muscle is damaged?

Answer: Pectoralis major

Question 17: Based on the provided MRI image showing a damaged superficial big muscle of the calf, which muscle is damaged?

Answer: Gastrocnemius

What is nurses favorite vein to draw blood from or an IV?

Answer: Median cubital vein and if that doesn’t work basilica or cephalic