Chapter 1-9

Communication

Telephone, e-mail, instant messaging, faxes, and voice mail are all considered

Mediated communication

Arbitrary elements used to represent things, processes, ideas, or events in ways that make communication possible are called ____________.

Symbols

Competent communication requires that individuals ____________.

Show an expanded range of responses

James is great at talking to his peers but is not so skillful when communicating with authority figures. This illustrates how communication competence is ____________.

Situational

When we say that communication is relational, what does that mean?

Communication arises out of our interactions with others.

Human communication is the process of ____________.

Creating meaning through symbolic interaction

Transmitting messages to large, widespread audiences is known as

Mass communication

Which of the following statements is true about the nature of social media?

Social media is distinguished from other forms of communication by user-generated content, variable audience size, and interactivity.

After a long day at school, you look forward to socializing with friends online. Afterwards, you relax by watching your favorite television show. What theory proposes that we use media to meet particular needs?

Uses and gratifications

When there is a time gap between when a message is sent and when it's received, one is using?

Asynchronous communication

The stories people create and use to make sense of their personal worlds are called?

Narratives

Math is your weakest subject. On the first day of college algebra, you tell the student next to you, "I bet I'll get a D in this course." At the end of the semester you get a D. This result could be an example of

self-fulfilling prophecy

What are the steps in the perception process?

Selection, organization, and interpretation

Anytime you experience something new, like moving to a new city or enter a room full of people you don't know, you are sorting out and making sense of the new stimuli. This process is known as the

perception process

Which of the following is an accurate statement about first impressions?

First impressions are a way of stereotyping others and a means for controlling our environment.

Researchers estimate that we inherit what percentage of our personality traits?

40%

Anytime you experience something new, like moving to a new city or enter a room full of people you don't know, you are sorting out and making sense of the new stimuli. This process is known as the______________________________.

perception process

Which of the following is an accurate statement about first impressions?

First impressions are a way of stereotyping others and a means for controlling our environment.

What is negativity bias?

The tendency to focus more on negative impressions than on positive ones.

The ability to construct multiple identities is one element of which skill?

Communication competence

Which of the following is valued in a high-context culture?

Social harmony

Competent intercultural interaction will be difficult if the communicator is not __________.

open-minded

Culture can be best understood as __________.

the language, values, beliefs, and traditions shared and learned by a group of people

Which of the following best characterizes the relationship between culture and cocultures?

Cocultures are both part of and exist alongside the larger culture

Cultures that place great value on family, duty, order, and hierarchy are considered ____________.

Collectivistic

Ogden and Richards' triangle of meaning demonstrates visually that meanings are in

people

Implied interpretations of words that reflect the people, culture, emotions, and situations involved provide ____________ meanings.

Connotative

Using the term firefighter rather than fireman is an example of ____________ language

gender-neutral

What word describes a version of the same language that contains substantially different words and meanings?

Dialect

Language use can reflect a speaker's willingness to take responsibility for his or her statements. Which of the following categories of statements reflects the highest amount of speaker responsibility?

"I" statements

Which of the following is an accurate statement about listening?

Listening is a skill that needs to be learned

When the brain interprets sound and gives meaning to the sound, it is called ____________.

listening

Listening is a necessary element of which part of the transactional communication model?

Feedback

According to researchers, on average, what percentage of information can a person remember immediately after hearing it?

50 percent

People who exhibit which of the following skills are more likely than others to be hired and promoted?

listening

The process of conveying messages without using words is the definition of

nonverbal communication

Research shows that most people have a ________ percent chance of identifying when someone is lying to us.

50

Compared to verbal communication, nonverbal communication has ____________.

more ambiguity

Dressing up to go to a party is an example of how nonverbal communication helps with

identity management

Lee is trying to show her friend the dent in her car's front bumper from a recent traffic accident. "See, it's next to the license plate," she says. To nonverbally communicate her message through the function of repeating, Lee should ____________.

point at the dent

Research shows that when strangers given a choice where to sit, they tend to choose seats next to people 

who look similar to them

Which of the following best explains why opposites attract?

Each partner’s characteristics satisfy the other’s needs.

Which of the following is a caveat to consider when choosing a relational partner?

We tend to overestimate how similar we are to our friends and underestimate how similar we are to people we don’t know well.

The level of engagement in a relationship, whether the communicator is interested and involved or distant and detached is called ___________. 

immediacy

The model of self-disclosure that represents everything there is to know about you in one frame is 

Johari window

What of the following is a reason you might avoid self-disclosure with another person?

If the other person does not reciprocate with their own self-disclosures

Parents who are strict and demand obedience “because I said so” use which kind of parenting style?  

Authoritarian 

Which model of romantic relationships describes five stages of intimacy? 

Knapp’s developmental model

Carlos usually spends a lot of time surfing. He values the time he has in the ocean alone with his thoughts and the waves. It’s something he really feels like he needs. He recently met a very exciting woman named Amy. He is thrilled by the time they spend together, but he feels surfing, a significant part of his identity, is now being neglected. What type of tension is he most likely feeling?

Connection vs. Autonomy

We often seek out people who can give us rewards that are greater than or equal to the costs we encounter in dealing with them. This describes ____________.

Social Exchange Theory

Two neighbors in an apartment building have a shared balcony. One neighbor wants to use the space to barbeque and the other wants to utilize it to grow plants. Which component of conflict is most present in this situation?

Perceived incompatible goals

Gibb’s checklist for conflict management recommends ____________ messages, which show that you can accept another’s feelings and put yourself in their place.

using empathetic  

Counterattacking the person who criticizes you or treats you with contempt is 

defensiveness

____________ is the inability or unwillingness to express thoughts or feelings in a conflict.

Nonassertion

When the family shows up late for Sunday dinner at your grandmother’s home, she says, “I don’t mind.” But during the meal, she remarks, “It must be nice to sleep late on Sunday morning instead of waking up early to cook a meal.” Which of the following best describes her behavior?

passive aggressive

An interactive communication process designed to help people reach agreement when one person wants something from another is called 

negotiation

Maura wants to visit family for the holidays, but Ruth wants to take a vacation. They decide to spend three days with family and three days on vacation. This decision is which form of conflict management?

Compromise

What should you do first in win–win problem solving?

Identify your problem and unmet needs.

Low context cultures typically value which type of communication most?

Direct communication

“You asked me to tell you what I really thought about your idea, and then when I gave you my opinion, you told me I was too critical.” This is an example of which step of an assertive message?

A behavioral description