Infection Control - Microorganisms

powerpoint #2

What are the infection control guidelines called?

standard precautions

The major goal of the infection control is to reduce ______ _____ of patients, staff, and students.

cross contamination

Who is required to take annual Blood-borne Pathogens

training?

All employees at risk

What is infection control?

prevent, reduce, or control spread of disease

What are the 5 steps of the chain of infection?

pathogen source mode entry host

What is the purpose of infection control?

protection

Direct contact includes…

person to person

Indirect contact includes…

person to object to another person

What does OPIM stand for?

Other Potential Infectious Materials

Mucous membranes

droplets of saliva/blood into eyes, nose or mouth

What is the CDC?

Center for Disease Control & Prevention

What does OSHA stand for?

Occupational Safety & Health Administration

What does EPA stand for?

Environmental Protection Agency

Where are the CDC headquarters?

Atlanta, Georgia

Where are OSHA headquarters?

Washington, DC

What is the mode of transmission for tuberculosis?

airborne droplets/aerosols

What is the etiologic agent for tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

What is the incubation period for tuberculosis?

2-10 weeks

How do you diagnose tuberculosis?

chest x-ray, sputum culture

Can a patient with clinically active TB be treated?

no

If a patient has a positive TB test what determines if you can treat them?

no symptoms present

Give the 3 criteria that determines if a patient is TB non-infectious.

Treatment for 2+ weeks, improved symptoms, 3 negative sputum smears

What is the mode of transmission for Hepatitis A?

fecal oral

What are some symptoms of Hepatitis A?

jaundice, fatigue, fever

What is the survival time for Hepatitis virus?

7 days

What is the mode of transmission for Hepatitis B?

bodily fluids

What are signs and symptoms of Hepatitis B?

fever, jaundice, fatigue

About ___ of people with Hepatitis B are without symptoms.

90%

Define percutaneous.

passage through skin

Give examples of percutaneous transmission.

needle, laceration, open cut

Define permucosal transmission.

splash to eyes or mucosa

Define perinatal transmission.

during pregnancy or placenta

How many doses of the Hepatitis B vaccine are given, where, and for how long?

3, deltoid, 6 months

How is Hepatitis C transmitted?

blood

What are the exposure routes of hepatitis C?

percutaneous, permucosal, sexual, perinatal, blood transfusion

What is the survival time of Hepatitis C?

16-24 hours

About ___ of people with Hepatitis C are without symptoms.

95%

This kind of carrier has never experienced symptoms despite being infected.

Asymptomatic

This kind of carrier can transmit the pathogen during the incubation period before illness starts.

Incubatory

This kind of carrier has recovered from their illness but remains capabilities of transmitting to others.

Convalescent

This kind of carrier continues to harbor the pathogen for months or years after infection.

Chronic

Which Hepatitis does not have a vaccine?

C

After the initial infection of the herpes virus, where does it lie dormant?

trigeminal nerve ganglia

Which virus is this?

HSV 1

Herpes labialis is commonly known as:

cold sore

Where is the herpes labialis infection found on the body?

lips

What is the mode of transmission for Epstein-Barr virus?

direct contact with saliva/droplets

Who is at high risk for infectious mononucleosis?

children and young adults

What are physical characteristics of mononucleosis?

enlarged submandibular lymph nodes (fever, fatigue)

What does AIDS stand for?

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

What are the modes of transmission of AIDS?

blood semen vaginal fluids breast milk

What is the etiologic agent of AIDS?

HIV