yebo lapho

Raids and attacks

Caused destruction and poverty among communities in the Southern Highveld.

Moshoeshoe

A leader who united Sotho groups into a nation using military strength, diplomacy, and protection.

Thaba Bosiu

A defensible stronghold provided by Moshoeshoe for refuge during attacks.

Mafisa cattle system

A cattle system in which a chief lent cattle to impoverished individuals to help them rebuild their livelihoods.

Basotho Kingdom formation

Developed as African chiefs united for protection against raids, particularly in the 1820s and 1830s.

Diplomacy and force

Moshoeshoe's approach in uniting the Sotho nation and handling external attacks.

Trekboers

Groups that moved into the interior of Southern Africa, leading to significant effects on local populations.

Cetshwayo

King of the Zulu kingdom after 1873 who revived traditional fighting ways and resisted British control.

Battle of Isandlwana

A major battle in January 1879 where the Zulus achieved a significant victory over the British.

British ultimatum

Demands made by Frere that led to the British invasion of Zululand.

War of Cannons boom

Conflict between the Basotho and the Orange Free State in the 1860s characterized by great losses for the Basotho.

British annexation of Basutoland

Occurred in 1868, whereby the Basotho became British subjects to protect their territory from Boer expansion.