OSCE drugs

What class is acempromazine

Phenothiazine tranquiliser

What is acepromazine used for

Sedation and premedication

Does acepromazine provide analgesia

no, it provides no pain relief

is acepromazine reversible

no, it has no specific reversal agent

What are the main cardiovascular effects of acepromazine

Vasodilation, hypotension and decreased cardiac output

What is alfaxalone

a neurosteroid anesthetic that enhance GABA activity

what is alfaxalone used for

Anaesthetic induction

Does alfaxalone provide analgesia

No, it provides no pain relief

What are the main adverse effects of alfaxalone

Respiratory depression

is alfaxalone reversible

No specific reversal agent

What is the does of alfaxalone

1-2 mg/kg

What is the concentration of alfaxalone

10 mg/ml

What class is medetomidine

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

What is medetomidine used for

sedation, premedication and analgesia

What reverses medetomidine

Atipamezole

What happens during the initial cardiovascular phase of medetomidine

Peripheral vasoconstriction, hypertension and reflex bradycardia

What are the later cardiovascular effects of medetomidine

Reduced sympathetic tone, with possible hypotension and persistent bradycardia

What is butorphanol used for

Mild analgesia and sedation

Does butorphanol provide strong analgesia for severe pain

no, its analgesic effect is limited

What reverses butorphanol

Naloxone can reverse its opioids effects

What class is diazepam

Benzodiazepine

what is diazepam used for

Seizure control, muscle relaxation and anaesthetic co-induction

What reverses diazepan

Flumazenil

What is propofol used for

intravenous anaesthetic induction

does propofol provide analgesia

no, it provides no pain relief

What are the main adverse effects of propofol

Respiratory depression or apnoea and cardiovascular depression

does propofol have a specific reversal agent

no

what class is methadone

full mu-opiod agonist

What is methadone used for

premedication and analgesia

what are the main adverse effects of methadone

respiratory depression, bradycardia and possible cardiovascular depression

What reverses methadone

Naloxone

What class is fentanyl

full mu-opiod agonist

What is fentanyl used for

potent analgesia, including continuous rate infusion
(CRI)

how long does an IV fentanyl bolus typically last

20-30 minutes depending on the dose and the patient

what is the typical onset of a transdermal fentanly patch

approx 12-23 hr depending on the product

what is the approx duration of a fentanyl patch

approx 3 days; actual duration varies by product and patient

what reverses fentanyl

naloxone

what is meloxicam

a non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drug (NSAID)

what is meloxicam used for

pain relief and reduction of inflammation

how does meloxicam work

inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes, reducing prostaglandin production

when should meloxicam be avoided or used with particular caution

dehydration, hypovolemia, renal compromise and gastrointestinal risk

what calls is atipamezole

alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist

what drugs does atipamezole reverse

medetomidine and dexmedetomidine

What class is naloxone

opioid antagonist

what drug does naloxone reverse

opioids, including fentanyl, methadone and butorphanol

What class is flumazenil

Benzodiazepine antagonist

What drug does flumazenil reverse

Diazepam and other benzodiazepine

What class is atropine

Antimuscarinic (anticholinergic)

What does atropine do to the heart rate

increases heart rate by blocking parasympathetic muscarinic effects

What is atropine used for

Selected cases of clinically significant vagally mediated bradycardia

how does atropine compare to flycopyyrolate

Atropine generally has a faster onset and shorter duration

what class is glycopyrrolate

Antimuscarinic (anticholinergic)

What does glycopyrrolate do

blocks muscarinic receptors and can increase heart rate

how does glycopyrrolate compare with atropine

it generally has a slower onset and longer duration

is medetomidine an anticholinergic

no, medetomidine is an alapha-2 adrenergic agonist

What class is dopamine

Catecholamine with dose-dependent inotropic and vasopressor effects

What is dopamine used for

Selected cases of cardiovascular instability and hypotension

What does dopamine do to blood pressure

it can increase blood pressure through dose-dependent cardiovascular effects

What is lignocaine

A local anaesthetic and class Ib antiarrhythmic

what is lignocaine used for

local anaesthesia and treatment of selected ventricular arrhythmias

What does lignocaine block

Voltage-gated sodium channels

What does VPC stand for

Ventricular premature complex

which drug can treat ventricular premature complexes in dogs

lignocaine