exam 2 but better

Most bending happens where

cornea 43D and lens 17 D

lower to high index

converge

high to low index

diverge

>/ 20 ft

cillary muscles relaxed, fibers taut, flattened state. B2 bind to norepherphrine and causes them to relax, less accomadation

<20 ft

cillary muscles contracted, fibers slack, lens buldged.M3, Ach makes ligament loose. More accomadation and diverging light rays.

Albinism

no pigmentation of iris, red eye. Light reflects off of choroid

CNS stimulants

mydrasis, cocaine meth, LSD.

CNS depressents

miosis, codine, fent, morphine

myopia

nearsighttedness (me). focal point forms before retina. We must put diverging lenses

Hyperopia

farsightness. converging lenses bc it forms after the retina Normaly diverging, we need it to converge.

Astigmatism

Cylondrical lenses.

Prebiospya

lens become stiff and can’t convex. We need Ach agnonists and NE antagonists. Vuity and Vizz.

perscription

20/40 -.75 correction. I am -4.75 thats like 20/430??

blue cones, rods, green, red

420 nm, 500 nm, 531 nm, 558 nm, respectively

tympanic duct and vestibular

perilymph

chochlear duct

endolymph

dorsal

unipolar, sensory afferent info

Mydrasis

a1 is activated, pupil dilates with noradrenline, increases retinal illumination and decreases light illumination

Miosis

M3, acetylcholine is activated and pupils contract. Increased light intensity and increased parasympatehtic stimulation

Ionotropic

post-fast acting, used with K+ etc

metatropic

pre, used the most. Effectkr cells and g coupled protein receptors

Chromaffin cells

In the adrenal meddullae and are postganglonic neurosecretory that secret EPI.

What agnoizes beta 1

Catecholamines (NE/EPI), isoproterenol (non-selective), sympatheomimetics (ephedra and m-synephrine- the old style preworkout and would activate beta 1 in heart and alpha.1 in blood vessels.), indirect action (caffein, guarana).

Atropine

administered during anesthesia to prevent or treat bradycardia

Propofol

used as an induction agent

Sevoflurane

maintains anestheisa

Phenylephrine

used to prevent or treat drops in blood pressure during surgery

Benzodiazepines

GABA, treats anxiety. Take a benzo!

Cholinergic receptors (musacarinic/nicotinic)

m1-n2 LEARn

how much of each do the chromaffin cells release

75% epi, 25% norepi