Ratification of the Constitution

AP US Gov, Unit 1

Article IV

states will give “full faith and credit to the laws of other states (example: married in 1 state = married in all states). Promises protection of the federal gov. and a republic form of gov. that will not divide the states without the states approval

Federal Exclusive Powers

coining money, regulating interstate commerce and mail, declaring war, raising armies, conduction foreign affairs

State Exclusive Powers

Conducting elections, establishing local gov., regulation intrastate commerce

Federal revenue sharing

The practice of sharing federal income tax revenue with state and local governments

Federal Grants

Money given to states by federal gov.

Block grants: given to support broad programs (flexible)

Categorical grants: use for a specific purpose of state spending

Concurrent Powers

Powers shared by the federal government and state governments (examples: law making, taxation, establishing courts, borrowing money)

Fiscal Federalism

The national government’s spending taxing and grant giving to state and local governments.

Works through: Federal revenue sharing, Federal Grants, and Mandates

Mandates

A requirement that states or local governments meet a specific condition in order to receive federal aid

Enumerated Powers

Powers of the federal government that are explicitly named in the constitution. (example: article 1 gives Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce)

US v. Lopez

Stopped congress from using the commerce clause to ban guns in school because it did not involve interstate commerce

Implied Powers

Powers of the federal government that are not explicitly named in the constitution but are implied so that the federal government can carry out its enumerated powers.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme court case which guaranteed the supremacy of federal laws over state laws and declared that congress has implied powers not listed in the constitution in order to fulfill their enumerated powers

10th Amendment

States that any power not delegated to the federal government by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, is reserved to the states respectively, or the people.

Exclusive Powers

Powers reserved for either the federal government or the state governments

Federalists

Wealthier men who feared the ‘mob’ and supported the constitution as it was written. Believed in strong central government.

Antifederalists

‘Poorer’ farmers that believed in the power of state governments and wanted the constitution to have more protection of individual rights.

The Federalist Papers

A series of essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay in support of the constitution as it was written

Federalist 10

Written by James Madison. Claimed that the constitution was needed to control the effects of factions and factions could not be eliminated without eliminating liberty itself.

Brutus 1

Written by Robert Yates. Claimed that a big republic could not support people’s rights because it was too big and would eventually turn into a tyranny.

Federalist 51

Written by James Madison. Claimed that the government needs to be powerful to control people and itself, and needs checks and balances to stay in order.

Federalism

The concept of organizing a nation so that 2 or more levels of gov. have a formal authority over the same land and people

Federalist 70

An executive leader is needed to prevent tyranny and dictatorship. Keeps steady administration for laws and has proven to have worked in history (Rome)

Federalist 78

The judicial branch in independent from public opinion and shouldn’t change. Judges are appointed without public opinion, the tenure by which they hold their places, there are different courts that are all related.

Federalist 39

The constitution made government Federal and National. States are part of the whole government, but have their own power and are separate entities, the government power comes from the people.