World History Standard 10.2: Enlightenment Review

Practice flashcards based on World History Standard 10.2 review sheet covering the English Civil War, Glorious Revolution, Enlightenment philosophers, salons, despots, and their political influence.

Which groups fought in the English Civil War, and who won?

Parliament (also known as the Roundheads) and Royalists (the ones on King Charles side also known as the Cavalier) fought, and Parliament won.

What was the Glorious Revolution, and why was it called that?

The Glorious Revolution occurred when Parliament invited William and Mary (the elder daughter of James II) to overthrow James for the sake of Protestantism. When William led his army to London, James fled to France, making it a bloodless overthrow.

What was Thomas Hobbes's main belief during the Enlightenment?

He believed in the Social Contract.

What was John Locke's main belief during the Enlightenment?

He believed in natural rights.

What was Jean-Jacques Rousseau's main belief during the Enlightenment?

He believed in a direct democracy.

What was Baron de Montesquieu's main belief during the Enlightenment?

He believed in the separation of powers.

What was Adam Smith's main belief regarding economics?

His biggest belief was in the "invisible hand" where individuals pursue their own self-interest in a free and competitive market that naturally benefits society as a whole.

What was Mary Wollstonecraft's main belief during the Enlightenment?

She believed in women's rights.

What were Denis Diderot's main beliefs during the Enlightenment?

He believed in reason, science, and education.

What were Voltaire's main beliefs during the Enlightenment?

He believed in freedom of speech and freedom of religion.

What were Cesare Beccaria's main beliefs during the Enlightenment?

He believed in criminal justice and law and order.

How did the Enlightenment philosophers influence the American Revolution?

Their ideas of freedom and natural rights influenced people to want and protect their rights, which influenced documents like the Constitution to include the separation of power so that not one person or group has total power.

Who were the Philosophes and what were their major beliefs?

Philosophes were a group of French men known as leaders of the Enlightenment who believed in reason, nature, happiness, progress, and liberty, and that people could apply reason to all aspects of life.

What were salons and what took place there?

Salons were places run by wealthy women where artists, scientists, writers, and other educated people gathered to talk about and spread new ideas.

What was a despot, and how did their beliefs change during the Enlightenment?

A despot was an absolute ruler; during the Enlightenment, their belief shifted from thinking everyone should serve them as the embodiment of the country to the new idea that the ruler served the country.

Whose Enlightenment ideas were expressed in the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke's idea of natural rights are expressed in the Declaration of Independence.