all the exams

Visual learner

A person who learns new material best by seeing it.

Kinesthetic learners

Learners who prefer to process and understand information through large and small muscle movements and hands-on experiences.

Auditory learners

People who learn best by hearing or listening to information.

Left Brain Dominance

A cognitive style that favors logical, analytical thought, with mathematical and linear processing of information.

Right Brain Dominance

A cognitive style that favors visual, tactile, and auditory images and is efficient in processing holistic, integrative, and emotional information.

APTA definition of PTA

Technically educated health care provider who assists the PT in the provision of physical therapy.

PTA abbreviation stand for

Physical Therapist Assistant.

Physical Therapist Practice Guidebook full title

The Guide to Physical Therapist Practice 4.0 (or Guide 4.0).

Purpose of Guide 4.0

Provides guidelines for physical therapy practice for PTs and PTAs.

What Guide 4.0 does NOT do

Does not provide definitive protocols for treatment.

Standard terminology in PT practice source

Guide 4.0.

Practice settings description source

Guide 4.0.

Intervention selection process guidance source

Guide 4.0.

Standard language framework used in Guide 4.0

ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health) language.

ICF stands for

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health.

ICF classification components

Health condition, Impairment, Activity limitations, and Participation restriction.

WHO definition of Health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

View of disability in the ICF model

Viewed in the context of physical, mental, and social wellbeing.

ICF definition of Health Condition

A disorder or disease.

ICF definition of Impairments

Problems in body function or structure such as a significant deviation or loss.

ICF definition of Activity Limitations

Difficulties an individual may have in executing activities.

ICF definition of Participation Restrictions

Problems an individual may experience in involvement in life activities.

Medical Diagnosis

The identification of a disease or condition by a doctor.

Physical Therapy Diagnosis

The condition for which physical therapy is provided as determined by the physical therapist.

Plan of Care (POC)

Specific interventions to be used, including frequency and duration of intervention to reach anticipated goals.

Role of the PTA in the Physical Therapy POC

Intervention and data collection.

Founder of the APTA and Profession of Physical Therapy

Mary McMillan.

WWII War Emergency Training Course

Training course established to train Reconstruction Aides.

Polio Epidemic impact on PT

Created an urgent need for physical rehabilitation of patients recovering from polio.

Year the profession of the PTA was formally recognized

1969.

Years PTA title was created and educational institutions were established

1966/1967.

Year Direct Access was first implemented in PT

1988.

APTA Vision Statement

Transforming society by optimizing movement to improve the human experience.

PT/PTA Collaboration

The PT/PTA team works together within each partner's respective role to achieve optimal patient/client care and enhance service delivery.

Physical Therapy Practice Settings

Hospitals, outpatient clinics/offices, rehab centers, skilled nursing facilities, extended care, subacute facilities, and home health.

Average patient length of stay in a hospital PT setting

Less than 30 days.

Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF)

A practice setting for patients who need more care and are too ill or fragile to be at home.

Outpatient Physical Therapy

A setting for patients who are mobile enough and well enough to travel to appointments independently or via provided transport.

Rehabilitation Facility

A facility that provides comprehensive physical, occupational, and other rehabilitation therapies.

Chronic Care Facilities

Facilities for patients who require long-term stay of 60 days or longer.

Home Health Care

Physical therapy care provided directly in the patient's home setting.

Pediatric Physical Therapy

Physical therapy care provided to children across settings including homes, outpatient clinics, and schools.

Primary focus of Orthopedic Physical Therapy

The musculoskeletal system.

Conditions treated in Orthopedic Physical Therapy

Diseases and injuries of the muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and joints.

Common Orthopedic Physical Therapy Interventions

Range of motion, therapeutic exercise, modalities, manual therapy, and patient education.

Sports Physical Therapy

Specialty focusing on the treatment and prevention of injuries related to athletic activities.

Neurological Physical Therapy

Specialty focusing on patients who suffer from a neurological disease or disorder.

Conditions treated in Neurological Physical Therapy

Cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and stroke.

Interventions targeted in Neurological Physical Therapy

Balance, muscle strength, coordination, vision, memory, and sensation.

Goal of Pediatric Physical Therapy

Early detection and treatment of possible disorders in children before progressing into more severe stages.

Diagnoses treated in Pediatric Physical Therapy

Congenital disorders, developmental disorders, neuromuscular disorders, and orthopedic injuries.

All bones

The bones of the body provide support, protection, and movement

Cervical

Neck region, C1-C7 vertebrae

Thoracic

Upper/mid back,T1-T12

Lumbar

Lower-back region, L1-L5 vertebrae 

Ligament

Connects bone to bone  

Cartilage

Smooth, flexible tissue that supports structure and helps reduce friction between bone 

Capsule

Surrounds a synovial joint and helps hold the joint together 

Synovial membrane

Inner lining of the joint capsule, produces synovial fluid  

Synovial fluid

Slippery fluid that fabricates and nourishes a synovial joint  

Tendon

Connect muscle to bone

Bursa

A small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between moving tissues

Abduction

Abd (away ) ex: raise your arm out to the side

Adduction

Add (toward) ex: bring your arm back toward your body

Flexion

Flex (bend) ex: bend your elbow

Extension

Ext (straighten) ex: straighten your elbow

*External rotation

ER (out) ex: rotate your arm away from your body

*Internal rotation

IR (in) ex: rotate your arm toward your body

Pronation

Pro (palm down ) Ex: turn your palm down

Supination

Sup (palm up) ex: turn your palm up

*Radial deviation

RD (thumb) ex: move your wrist toward your thumb

*Ulnar deviation

UD (pinky) ex: move your wrist toward your pink

Dorsiflexion

DF (toes up) ex: pull your toes toward your shin

Plantarflexion

PF (toes down) ex., point your toes down

Inversion

Inv (foot in) ex: turn the bottom of your foot inward

Eversion

EV (foot out) ex: turn the bottom of your foot outward

Erythema

 Redness of the skin 

Edema

Swelling caused by excess fluid  

Subluxation 

Partial/incomplete joint

Dislocation 

Joint surfaces completely come out of their normal position 

Carpal tunnel syndrome 

Compression of median nerve at the nerve  

HNP 

Herniated nucleus pulposus, a spinal disc’s inner material pushes through its layer  

Kyphosis 

Excessive outward curve of the upper back  

Lordosis

Excessive inner curve of the lower back  

Muscular dystrophy 

Group of genetic disorders causing progressive muscle weakness 

Myeloma 

Cancer involving plasma cells, usually in bone marrow  

Osteoporosis

Bones become weak and more likely to fracture 

*Rheumatoid arthritis 

Autoimmune disease that causes inflammation 

*Scoliosis 

Abnormal side to side curvature of the spine  

Electr/o 

electricity 

Myel/o 

Spinal cord or  bone marrow 

Vertebr/o 

Vertebra/spine  

-desis 

surgical fixation, fusion 

-penia

abnormal reduction in number 

-rrhaphy

suturing, repairing 

-trophy 

Development/growth 

AAROM 

Active assisted range of motion 

Abd 

abductions

Amb 

ambulation/walking 

AROM 

Active range of motion