Hypothalamus + Pituitary Structure, ADH & Oxytocin

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9 Terms

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Hypothalamus

Small anteroinferior portion of the diencephalon of the brain

connects to the pituitary gland (hypophysis) by a stalk called the infundibulum

<p>Small anteroinferior portion of the diencephalon of the brain</p><p>connects to the pituitary gland (hypophysis) by a stalk called the infundibulum</p>
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Anterior Pituitary Gland (Adenohypophysis)
True gland composed of hormone-secreting glandular cells
True gland composed of hormone-secreting glandular cells
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Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Portal System

Some capillaries merge in the hypothalamus and form portal veins that travel through the infundibulum to another group of capillaries in the anterior pituitary

<p>Some capillaries merge in the hypothalamus and form <strong>portal veins</strong> that travel through the infundibulum to another group of capillaries in the anterior pituitary</p>
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Posterior Pituitary Gland (Neurohypophysis)

Made of nervous tissue

stores neurohormones

<p>Made of nervous tissue</p><p>stores neurohormones</p>
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Posterior pituitary hormones
Stores antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH or Vasopressin): Water Retention

1) Hypothalamic neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei make ADH (vasopressin)

2) ADH travels through the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract in the infundibulum

3) ADH is stored in the axon terminals in the posterior pituitary

4) ADH is secreted into the capillaries in the posterior pituitary when the hypothalamic neurons fire action potentials

ADH increases the amount of water retained by the kidneys

Diuretic increases urine production, so an antidiuretic decreases urine production

<p>1) Hypothalamic neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei make ADH (vasopressin)</p><p>2) ADH travels through the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract in the infundibulum</p><p>3) ADH is stored in the axon terminals in the posterior pituitary</p><p>4) ADH is secreted into the capillaries in the posterior pituitary when the hypothalamic neurons fire action potentials</p><p>ADH increases the amount of water retained by the kidneys</p><p>Diuretic increases urine production, so an antidiuretic decreases urine production</p>
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How ADH works

ADH triggers cells in the kidney tubules to insert water channels called Aquaporins into their plasma membranes

Water moves from the tubules into the blood

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus monitor solute concentrations in the blood

High solute concentrations trigger ADH release to increase water to dilute the blood

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Diabetes Insipidus

Abnormal lack of ADH secretion or activity

results in extreme thirst, dehydration, and high solute concentration in the blood

synthetic ADH is used to treat the condition

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Oxytocin: Supporting Reproduction and Milk Release

oxytocin targets specialized cells of the mammary glands and smooth muscle cells of the uterus, the female organ in which a fetus develops

stimulates contraction of both organs; In the mammary glands, this results in milk ejection, or the Milk Let-Down Reflex, which works through a positive feedback system; The more an infant suckles, the more milk is released


may play a role in emotional bonding in both sexes