Mechanics review

Silicosis

Lung disease caused by breathing construction dust.

OSHA

Occupational safety and health administration.

Lifeline

A) Rope having performed stops at fixed intervals usually 5 feet.

B) It is extended from pit to overhead

C) Required when chance of fall is greater than 6 feet.

Lanyard

Fastened to the lifeline.

Brake pulley

Rotates rapidly as elevator moves.

Drive sheave

Turns at somewhat of a slower rate.

Counterweight

Counter balances the weight of the car to maintain traction. Also called the silent killer.

Dumbwaiter

Capacity is 500 lbs. and 9 Sq Feet and max height 48”.

Compensating chains

Offset the transfer of weight as the hoist ropes pass over the main sheave.

Cylinder

Casing in ground of a hydro.

Plunger

Pushes the elevator up and down.

Packing head

Located on top of the cylinder and seals the oil around the plunger.

#10 filter shade

Up to 200 amps for electric welding.

#12 filter shade

200 to 400 amps for electric welding.

#5 shade

For light cutting and welding with acetylene.

#6 & #7 shade

For intermediate

#8 shade

For heavy cutting and welding.

Babbitt

A) metal alloys used in bearings and to secure hoist, governor, and compensating ropes.

B) full face sheiks required when pouring.

MSDS

Material safety data sheet or safety data sheet, lists characteristics and hazards for given substances. It is supplied by employer .

Hydro pits

Can be dangerous because car can come down without power.

Mechanical & electrical

2 major categories of construction drawings.

Layout drawings

A mechanical drawing with an overall view showing how large pieces and assemblies are placed in a building.

Detail drawings

A mechanical drawing showing specific parts or sub-assemblies of the elevator.

Visible lines

(Object lines) heavy lines representing the visible edges of objects.

Hidden lines

(Invisible lines) lines drawn slightly narrower than visible lines and consist of a series of 1/8 dashes with 1/32 space between.

Center lines

Drawn ½ the width of hidden lines and consist of alternating long and short dashes.

Inverted scale

Object 2 inches =0.0508 meters 2/1 = 4 inches

4/1 = 8 inches

8/1 = 16 inches

Cutting plane line

A heavy dashed line drawn through where the imaginary cut is made.

Isometric drawing

Three dimensional drawing used in the elevator industry.

Final layout

Working drawings.

Plan view drawings

A) drawings of front and side view.

B) shows vertical dimensions.

False car max load

Must not exceed 600 lbs.

On 2:1 roping

May be two dead end hitches in the machine room.

Pit ladder required when?

Pit is deeper than 35 inches.

What do you need when pit is deeper than 67 inches?

A second stop switch at 47 inches above pit floor.

What are two types of dumbwaiters

Traction or drum type.

Isometric drawing

Working drawings are also called?

Final layouts

Horizontal dimensions are given on ?

Plan view drawing

Vertical dimensions are given on?

Elevation drawing

A plan drawing is made as though looking?

Down from above

An elevation drawing is made as though looking from the?

Front or the side

One inch =

2.54 centimeters

One centimeter =

0.3937 inches

What is class 1 fit?

Loosest fit having the greatest positive allowance.

What is class 8 fit?

The tightest fit having the most negative allowance.

One kilometer =

1000 meters

One centimeter =

One hundredth of a meter

Ball and roller bearing on a headless elevator main shaft are usually?

Class 7 fit

Main guide rail tolerance is?

Plus or minus 1/64”

For holes being drilled tolerance is?

Plus or minus .005 inch

ASME code for minimum escalator width?

22” to 40” on older installations 48” was allowed.

Bilateral tolerance means?

The part can be a certain size larger or smaller than specified.

Tolerance is one direction is called?

Unilateral tolerance

One inch =

25.4 millimeters

Geared machines use a ?

Worm and worm gear to transmit power from the drive motor to the drive sheave.

How are pipe threads cut?

Tapered to ensure a seal

1 foot =

30.48 CM

1 CM =

.3937 inch

A six point wrench is less likely to?

Slip on a worn hex

How must cylinder be stored?

Must be separated by a minimum of 20’ or have a barrier at least 5’ high, having a fire rating of at least ½ hour.

What should acetylene regulators psi be set to?

Stay at a working pressure between 10-12 psi.

What should you not do when handling a freight elevator platform?

Never handle platform on edge on a flat dolly. Especially with swivel wheels.

How should you handle a freight platform?

Use rollers, handle from ends

How do you store hoistway doors?

Standing on the back edge (long side). never laying flat.

What’s the best rope for hoisting?

Natural Manila rope

What type of ropes should you NEVER use?

Sisal and hemp rope

What safety factor do you use for safe working load?

Safety factor of 5

What safety factor should you use if rope has been used for a period of time or field safety factor?

Safety factor of 10

How much stronger is nylon rope than Manila rope?

About 3 times stronger

How do you prevent a rope from unraveling?

Whipping

What is the end of the rope that will be used for tying the knot?

The working end

What is the other end of the rope used for lifting the hoist?

The running end

What knot ties two ropes of approximately the same size together?

Square knot.

What knot ties ropes of different diameters together?

Sheet bend

What are hitches used for?

To fasten rope to another object or another rope.

What knot is used to shorten a rope or take up slack?

Sheep shank

What is another knot the elevator industry wants to use instead of a bowline knot?

Figure 8 on a bight/figure 8 follow through. Because bowline knot tends to loosen if not loaded.

How often should you check your slings?

Once a year or monthly to quarterly for heavy use.

What is shock loading?

Applying a load at a high rate of speed.

When picking a load with two slings do not exceed?

90 degrees included angle

What percentage can a choker hitch lift?

Only about 75% of their potential capacity.

Wire rope slings D/d ratio?

25/1 =100%. Anything smaller efficiency goes down.

Allow chain slings D/d ratio?

6/1 ratio = 100%

Angle of loading for 90 degrees uses what load angle factor?

1.00

Angle of loading for 60 degrees uses what load angle factor?

1.155

Angle of loading for 50 degrees uses what load angle factor?

1.305

Angle of loading for 45 degrees uses what load angle factor?

1.414

Angle of loading for 30 degrees uses what load angle factor?

2.00

When must a wire rope sling be removed from service?

When 10 randomly distributed broken wires are found in one lay.

What type of chain fall is used in elevator work?

Spur geared

What does a compound pick do?

It cuts hoisting speed in half, but doubles the capacity.

What are lever hoist used for?

Raising loads short distances and two most common are come along and coffing hoist.

What happens to the handle of a wire rope lever hoist when overloaded?

It is designed to break

What do handles on heavy duty lever hoist do when overloaded?

Show a red indicator when overloaded.

What do you need if pit extends more than 35” below the sill?

A fixed ladder and light switch shall be within reach.

Pit ladder dimensions?

Must extend 48”, ladder rungs shall be a minimum of 16” wide, if you have an obstruction the width can’t be less than 9”.Must be clear 4.5” behind the ladder

How much refuge space do you need with a fully compressed buffer?

2ft

What FPM are spring buffers used?

200 FPM or less

On high speed elevators what do you need since buffer stroke can be so much?

Terminal speed limiting device