Chemistry Unit 4 - Functional Groups

Alkanes

• General Formula: C_nH_2n+2

• Suffix": “-ane”

• Functional Group:

  

Alkenes

• General Formula: C_nH_2n

• Suffix: “-ene”

• Functional Group

  

Alkynes

• General Formula: C_nH_2n-2

• Suffix": “-yne”

• 

Halogenoalkanes

• General Formula : R–X or (C_nH_2n+1X); where X is F, Cl, Br, I

• Prefix: “fluoro–”, “chloro–”, etc.

• Functional Group:

  

Ethers

• General Formula: C_nH_2n+1OC_mH_2m+1

• Prefix/Suffix: “alk/oxy/alkane”

• Functional Group:

  

Alcohols

• General Formula: C_nH_2n+1OH 

• Suffix: “–anol”

• Functional Group:

  

Aldehydes

• General Formula: R – CHO (C_nH_2n+1CHO) 

• Suffix: “–anal”

• Functional Group:

  

Ketones

• General Formula: C_nH_2n+1COC_mH_2m+1 (or RCOR’)

• Suffix: “–anone”

• Functional Group:

  

Carboxylic Acids

• General Formula: C_nH_2n+1COOH (or RCOOH)

• Suffix: “–anoic Acid”

• Functional Group:

  

Esters

• General Formula: C_nH_2n+1COOC_mH_2m+1 (R–COO–R’) 

• Suffix: “–anoate”

• Functional Group:

  

Amines

• General Formula: C_nH_2n+1NH₂

• Suffix is “–anamine”

• Functional Group:

  

Amides

• General Formula: C_nH_2n+1CONH₂ 

• Suffix: “–anamide”

• Functional Group:

  

Arenes

• General Formula: C₆H₅R 

• Suffix: “–benzene”

  • Or Prefix: “Phenyl–”

• Functional Group: