Unit 3 Biopsych

emotion

subjective experience associated with behavioral and physiological behavior

transient emotion

short term episodic emotion

emotional valence

the positive or negative quality of an emotion

polygraph

emotional arousal measurement system

james-lang theory

physiological responses precede the emotion

cannon-bard theory

physiological response and emotion are simultaneous

schacter-singer corollary

interpretation of a physiological response also requires context

embodied emotion ideas

physiological conditions can modulate emotional intensity

ekman’s basic emotions

happy, angry, sad, surprise, disgust, and fear

McGaugh’s memory circuit

NE release facilitates ACh activation encoding and highlighting memories

neural substrates

areas that are activated with emotion that have multiple functions beyond the limbic system

dimensions of emotion

weak to strong, approach to avoid, and pleasant to unpleasant

gradients of emotion

pleasure to displeasure, strength of stimulus, and convergence of stimulus

darwin facial feedback

expressions of emotion provides information about potential attack or submission

amygdala cortexes

central nucleus, cortical nucleus, lateral nucleus, and the basal nucleus

the cingulate gyrus

risk assessment and motivational outcomes

the hypothalamus

survival behavior and context for memory

the amygdala

fear, aversive conditioning, environmental scanning, and emotional memory

the orbitofrontal cortex

emotional processing

olfactory bulb

odor related emotional response

mammillary bodies

recollective memory and reward systems

nucleus acumens

reward center for the brain

anger response

mental activity in the PFC

disgust response

mental activity in the insular cortex

startle reflex

quick reflex to alarming stimulus in the basolateral amygdala

kluver-bucky syndrome

monkeys show no fear or social cues as a result of bilateral temporal lobectomies

urbach-weithe syndrome

a skin condition that can result in the atrophy of the amygdala causing to strong likes or dislikes

toxoplasma gondii

an infectious parasite that causes no fear response in rats and doesn’t affect cats

chronic fear

changes function of the bed nucleus of the stria nucleus controlling long term emotional arousal

ventral hippocampus

responsible for short term anxiety

dorsal hippocampus

responsible for trait anxiety

panic disorder

trait anxiety + episodes of strong SNAS response

PTSD

frequent flashbacks and nightmares + exaggerated response to external stimuli

Benzodiazepines

facilitate GABA to reduce anxiety symptoms

enzopines

increases fear and anxiety to healthy levels

SSRIs

5-HT reuptake inhibitor

Clomipramine

nonspecific 5-HT reuptake inhibitor

Beta blockers

block binding of EP and NE to treat panic

Allopregnanolone

metabolizes progesterone for anxiolytic effects

health psychology

studies psychological processes involved in health and wellness

stress

leads to adrenal, thymic, and lymph node atrophy as well as ulcers

selye’s GAS

pattern of stress resistance: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

HPA axis

signal pathway made up of the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and the adrenal cortex

ulcers

an H. pylori infection due to the side effects of the stress response

psychoneuroimmunology

examines how the immune system reacts to stimulus

B-cells

secrete antibodies that attach to foreign proteins

T-cells

attack infections or assist in T and B cell proliferation

natural killer cells

kill virus infected cells, cancer cells, and foreign particles

Bradley and Hitch model of memory

we hold items in mind while solving problems from reference memory